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TECHNOLOGY



Sage II
Sageutil

Bios
Installation



35 NORTH EDISON WAY, SUITE 4 • RENO, NEVADA 89502 • (702) 322-6868



FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENT



WARNING - This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radiLq.,
frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with;
the instruction manual, may cause interference to radio
communications. It has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a CLASS A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of.
part 15 of FCC rules, which are assigned to provide reasonable
protection against such interference when operated in a
commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a
residential area is likely to cause interference in which case
the user at his own expense will be required to correct the
interference.



Copyright (§) 1982, Sage Computer Technology, Reno, NV 89502



All rights reserved. Reproduction or use, without express
permission of editorial or pictorial content, in any .manner^ .is.,
prohibited. No patent liability is assumed with respect to •■■tfteQ
use of the information contained herein. While every precaution
has been taken in the preparation of this book, Sage Computer.
Technology assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions,.
Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting r Jjcom,-. £h%.
use of the information contained herein. ..• ? ^ ? f



UCSD PASCAL and UCSD p-SYSTEM are all trademarks of the reg.e.nts
of the University of California. V , , , .. ;



LIMITED WARRANTY



For a period of 1 full year from the date of delivery, SAGE
COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY warrants to the original purchaser that the
computer hardware described herein shall be free from defects in
material and workmanship under normal use and service.

During the warranty period, if a defect should occur, the product
must be returned to SAGE or a SAGE authorized dealer for repair,
and proof of purchase must be presented. If this product is
delivered by mail, purchaser agrees to insure the product or
assume the risk of loss or damage in transit, to prepay shipping
charges to the warranty service location and to use the original
shipping container or equivalent.

SAGE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY will, at its option, repair or replace
products under warranty at no additional charge excepjt for
service to repair damage resulting from accident, disaster,
misuse, abuse, or modification not authorized by SAGE. Repair
parts and replacement products will be furnished on an exchange
basis and will be either reconditioned or new. All replaced parts
and Products become the property of SAGE.

No representation or other Affirmation of fact, including, but
not limited to, statements regarding capacity, suitablity for
use, or performance of the equipment, shall be or be deemed to be
a warranty or representation by SAGE, for any purpose, nor give
rise to any liability or obligation of SAGE whatsoever.

SAGE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY shall have no liability or respon-
sibility to customer or any other person or entity with respect
to any liability, loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused
directly or indirectly by computer equipment or programs sold by
SAGE, including but not limited to any interruption of service,
loss of business or anticipatory profits or consequential damages
resulting from the use or operation of such computer or computer
programs .

Some states do not allow certain limitations to warrantees so the
above conditions may not apply. Therefore, although this warranty
gives specific legal rights, the purchaser may have other rights
which vary from state to state.



TABLE OF CONTENTS



I INTRODUCTION 1

1 THE SAGE II- FEATURES AT A GLANCE . 4

2 CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS BOOK 5

II GETTING STARTED 6

1 BEFORE PLUGGING IN. ............. . 6

2 DISKETTE CARE 7

III INSTALLATION 9

1 UNPACKING THE EQUIPMENT .... 9

2 POWER CONNECTIONS ... 10

3 CONNECTING THE TERMINAL 11

4 INITIAL POWER-UP 13

5 BOOTING FROM A FLOPPY . ... . . / . . .... 14

6 BOOTING TO THE DEBUGGER .. . . . . . . .... 14

7 IF YOU HAVE PROBLEMS. ....... . . .... 15

. 8 CONNECTING THE PRINTER. ............ 16

9 RESETTING THE SYSTEM 17

IV P-SYSTEM. . . . . 18

1 LOADING THE SYSTEM 19

2 BACKING UP SYSTEM FILES ............ 20

1 FORMATTING A DISKETTE. ........... 21

2 COPYING SYSTEM FILES .23

3 SINGLE DRIVE COPY OF FILES ... 24

4 CHECKOUT OF NEW SYSTEM DISKETTES ...... . .25

5 BACKUP OF OTHER DISTRIBUTION DISKETTES ... 25

3 BUILDING YOUR SYSTEM 26

1 SETUP FOR A TERMINAL . . . . .... . . . . 28

2 GOTOXY ROUTINE .30

3 TERMINAL XON/XOFF . . 31

4 REAL ARITHMETIC PRECISION. . . 32

5 PRINTER CONSIDERATIONS . 34

6 RAM DISK OPERATION 35

7 FILES REQUIRED FOR BOOTING 36

8 THE WORKING MASTER DISKETTE ........ 37

4 IMPLEMENTATION SPECIFICS. . ... 38

1 DEVICES SUPPORTED 38

2 ASYNCHRONOUS I/O . . ............ 39

3 EXTRA UNITWRITE INFORMATION . 39

4 EXTRA UNITSTATUS INFORMATION ........ 40

5 BIOS CONFIGURATION ............. 43

6 SYSTEM CLOCK ACCESS. . . 44

7 ATTACH IMPLEMENTATION. ........... 46

8 GENERAL MEMORY ACCESS. ........... 52

9 SYSTEM MEMORY ALLOCATION 53

5 NOTES ON PORTABILITY 54



TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont. . . )
6 SPECIFIC LINK INFORMATION FOR THE 68000 . . . . 56



1 CREATING A LINKED PROGRAM. ......... 57

2 STACK AND REGISTER USAGE .......... 61

3 68000 EXAMPLES ; ... i .......... 63

7 BOOTSTRAP . . 68

V SAGEUTIL - SYSTEM UTILITY ...... 71

1 BIOS CONFIGURATION MANAGER .......... 72

2 TERMINAL CONFIGURATION ............ 74

3 REMOTE CHANNEL CONFIGURATION 77

4 FLOPPY PARAMETER MAINTENANCE ... 79

5 MEMORY DISK 85

6 PRINTER CONFIGURATION . . . ..... 86

7 SYSTEM PARAMETER CONFIGURATION. ........ 88

8 BOOTSTRAP COPY UTILITY. . . . 89

9 FLOPPY DISK FORMATTER .... i ^ ....... 90

VI SAGE TOOL KIT ; . ; * . ; . * . i i i . ;■ . . . . 91

1 STRING I/O UNIT 94

2 TIME AND DATE UNIT 99

3 SAGE DATE SETTING UTILITY .......... .104

VII THE IEEE-488 BUS 107

1 IB_UNIT DESCRIPTION ............. .108

2 STARTING UP . . ........ ; . w ... . .109

3 BUS INITIALIZATION. ............. .112

4 DEVICE DEFINITION ...... .113

5 TALKING ................... .114

6 LISTENING .115

7 USER BUFFER . ; . ; ............ . .116

8 SERVICE REQUESTS. ............... 117

9 DIRECT REGISTER CONTROL 118

10 PROGRAM EXAMPLE ........ 119

11 BUILDING A USER PROGRAM 121

12 IB_BUS DESCRIPTION. 122

13 ERROR CODES 126

VIII COMPUTER INTERCOMMUNICATION .... .127

1 HARDWARE INTERCONNECTION. . .... .128

2 CHANNEL CONFIGURATION . .128

3 COMMUNICATION HANDSHAKING .......... .129

4 USING REMINTEST AND REMOUTTEST. ....... .130

5 USING SEND AND RECEIVE. ........... .131

6 USING TEXTIN. . ............... .132

7 USING REMTALK ................ .133



TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont...)



IX RESIDENT SYSTEM SOFTWARE 134

1 POWER- UP ROUTINE 135

2 RAM MEMORY TEST 136

3 DISK BOOTSTRAP 137

4 PROM ENTRY POINTS 138

5 EXCEPTION ERRORS 143

6 SAGE DEBUGGING TOOL 145

1 SDT QUICK DESCRIPTION 148

2 SDT DETAILED DESCRIPTION 150

X BIOS INTERFACE 17 3

1 SHORT CALLING SEQUENCE 174

2 LONG CALLING SEQUENCE 177

3 CHANNEL CONFIGURATION CONTROL 191

4 BIOS CHANNEL ERROR CODES. ... - 198

XI HARDWARE 199

1 THE PROCESSOR 199

2 PROCESSOR LIGHT 199

3 MEMORY 200

4 RAM CHIP LOCATIONS 201

5 PROM STRAPPING OPTIONS 202

6 I/O PORTS 203

1 RS232 PROTOCALL 204

2 TERMINAL 206

3 MODEM 207

4 PRINTER 209

5 IEEE-488 210

7 REAL-TIME CLOCK 212

8 POWER SUPPLY 212

9 I/O ADDRESSING 213

10 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 214

11 COOLING AND ENVIRONMENT 214

12 FLOPPY DRIVES 215

13 EXPANSION BUS 217

XII GUIDE TO BOOKS AND MANUALS 219



INTRODUCTION
SECTION I



INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the SAGE II Owners' Manual. The SAGE II is a high
performance microcomputer oriented toward a single user
environment. The SAGE II comes with the powerful UCSD p-System
software package including the high level languages Pascal,
FORTRAN, and BASIC. Much of this manual pertains to the
integration of the SAGE II hardware with the UCSD p-System
software. Other software environments are available from SAGE
Computer Technology or other independent sources. These optional
software packages will generally rely on this manual for a system
overview and hardware presentation.

This Owners' Manual is not intended to be a tutorial. If you are
new to the small system environment, the references given in the
GUIDE TO BOOKS AND MANUALS section will be valuable to you. The
information presented in this manual is specific to the SAGE II
computer. This manual is packaged along with a series of manuals
specifically covering the UCSD p-System software.

Chapters II and III of the SAGE II Owners' Manual present
necessary information on getting started with the system and
installing the hardware. Users with standard cables and
peripherals should easily be able to get their system running
with this information. Users preparing their own cables or
interfaces should refer to the chapter on Hardware for more
detailed interface information.

Chapter IV presents many details on the integration of the SAGE
II with the p-System. The first few sections explain how to get
the p-System software up and running. The concept of using the
extra system RAM area as a device (RAM Disk) is explained. The
peripheral assignments and memory allocation are described. The
processor specific linkage information for combining assembly
code with Pascal (or other p-code) programs is described.

Chapter V describes the utility program, SAGEUTIL, which is used
for configuring the I/O system as well as for formatting
diskettes and copying bootstraps. The earlier chapters on
installation will have already guided the user through specific
usages of SAGEUTIL in order to bring up the system.

Chapter VI presents the concept of a SAGE Tool Kit, a series of
preprogrammed routines (p-System Units) which may be easily used
to take advantage of SAGE II features. Initial Tool Kit Units
included are a String Utility package and a Time and Date Utility
package. Chapter VII continues the SAGE Tool Kit presentation
with a Unit for handling the IEEE 488 bus interface.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

1



INTRODUCTION
SECTION I



One of the major benefits of the UCSD p-System is its program
portablility to and from other systems. Chapter VIII presents a
set of Computer Intercommunication programs to facilitate moving
information between a SAGE II and other computers systems.

Chapter IX presents complete information on the permanently
resident software located in the hardware PROMS. These routines
provide startup initialization and self test as well as a set of
primative drivers for some devices. Also located in PROM is a
Debugger program for handling processor detected errors and
checking out low level assembly code routines.

Chapter X covers the Basic Input Output System (BIOS) which is a
set of peripheral devices drivers. The interface to the BIOS
will be of interest to anyone wishing to develope a software
environment independent of the p-System.

Chapter XI presents information on the SAGE II hardware
implementation. Following this information are appendices
containing summary information from the preceeding chapters.
Also included is a hardware parts location and set of schematics.

The Owners 1 Manual concludes with a USUS Membership Application
and a SAGE Trouble Reporting Form. USUS, the UCSD p-System Users
Society, is a non-profit organization of p-System Users who
exchange ideas and programs and promote p-System concepts. The
SAGE Trouble Reporting Form is provided to document problems or
suggestions for feedback to SAGE.

The SAGE II Owners' Manual is distributed in the first of four
binders provided with the SAGE II computer. The first binder
also contains the p-System Installation Guide written by Softech
Microsystems. The only pertinant information in the Installation
Guide for SAGE II users is chapter III on Terminal Handling.
Note also that some of the Terminal Handling information is
amended by the p-System Supplement for Version IV. 1 (chapter IV,
Installation Guide Supplement) contained in the third binder.

The second and third binders contain the p-System Users' Manual
written by Softech Microsystems. The material in the second
binder covers the p-System operating system, the Editors, the
Pascal compiler, and the Assemblers. The third binder continues
with discussion on the Linker, Segments, Units, and Concurrency
as well as covering various Utility routines provided by the p-
System. The last half of the third binder contains a p-System
Supplement for Version IV. 1. This manual contains information on
enhancements contained in the IV. 1 release as well as
documentation on features such as Native Code Generators, Print
Spooling, XenoFile, and Turtlegraphics.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

2



INTRODUCTION
SECTION I



The fourth binder contains manuals for the pr System programming
languages FORTRAN 77 and BASIC . Also this binder contains a p-
System Internal Architecture Guide which covers details on
internal implementation of the p-System software. ^

An Interface Design Package is available from SAGE which contains;
source listings of the resident PROM program, BIOS, SAGEUTIL, and
other utilities. Also included in this package is more detailed
hardware information with manuals on the 68000 processor and the
system's peripheral control components.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

3



INTRODUCTION

THE SAGE II- FEATURES AT A GLANCE

SECTION 1.1 >
1.1 THE SAGE II- FEATURES AT A GLANCE

The SAGE II is a power ful r fast, small computer system with large
system capabilities at a low cost. It was designed to implement
high-level languages easily. Here, at a glance, are the features
that give the SAGE II the most power-per-price of computers
available today*

MC68000 16-bit processor 2 million instructions per second

Multi-color status LED

Sage expansion bus: 16-bit data bus, 24-bit address bus

All input and output is interrupt driven, optionally polled

128K to 512K byte dynamic memory

Byte level parity checking

Real-time clock

Task scheduler

Two RS232-C serial ports

Parallel printer port

IEEE-488 GPIB port

Easy to interface BIOS

DEBUGGER for software development

Choice of 48TPI or 96TPI floppy disk drives

Compact sturdy metal case - weighs under 18 lbs

Quiet 20 CFM fan

Low power requirements (70 watts)
Switching power supply

UCSD p-System Software with Pascal, FORTRAN and BASIC
1 year warranty



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

4



INTRODUCTION
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS BOOK

SECTION 1.2



1.2 CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS BOOK.

The following notation and abbreviations are used throughout this
manual :

<CR> = carriage return: The "return" key on most terminals.

I/O = Input/Output: referring to any device or data read or
written from the SAGE II processor.

addr = address: a memory location, can be PROM , RAM or I/O.

reg = register: the 68000 data and address registers.

HEX = hexadecimal: A means of expressing a value in base 16
where each digit can vary from 0. • .9,A,B,C,D,E,F.
Numbers given in hex generally have an "H" before or
after the value.

xxxK = 1024 times: 256K bytes is pronounced 256 "Kay" bytes.

xxxM = 1,048,576 times: 2M bytes is pronounced 2 "Mega" bytes.

TPI = Tracks per inch: a measure of the storage capacity of
a diskette.

SWx = a switch setting on the back of the SAGE II
info = information
specs = specifications



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

5



GETTING STARTED
BEFORE PLUGGING IN
SECTION II.l



II .1 BEFORE PLUGGING IN*



At this point, you're probably very eager to turn on your
computer and see what it can do. However, it is very much worth
your while to check out what you have first. This way, if there
are any problems, you may be able to spot them now, instead of
spending frustrating hours searching for the trouble later.

First, check the contents of your package for completeness. It
should contain your computer, one or more manuals, and two or
more diskettes. Your invoice should list all of the items you
ordered, so make sure it matches what you received.

Now check for any obvious damage that may have occured during
shipping. If damage is found, you should contact the shipper.

Keep your receipt in a safe place. It constitutes proof of
purchase for your warranty. The statement of warranty is printed
at the front of this manual. It is also be a good idea to keep
the carton and padding the computer came in. Sage requires that
equipment returned for repair or upgrade be sent in the original
(or equivalent) container.

Be sure to read the next section on diskettes; know how to
protect them. Check out the book list in the back. A good set
of references can save you valuable time.

The sections that follow give, in order, the detailed steps
needed to bring the system up. Brief ly, they ares

1) Connecting power and the terminal. See the
INSTALLATION section. See also the section
SAGEUTIL, Terminal configuration*

2) Loading the p-System operating system*
See section p-System, Loading the system

3) Backing up the system diskettes.

See section p-System, Backing Dp System Piles

Once these are done, turn to your p-System Users 1 manual.

To an operating system other than the p-System, refer to the

appropriate section in its documentation*



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

6



GETTING STARTED
DISKETTE CARE
SECTION II. 2



II .2 DISKETTE CARE:



SAGE II uses 5.25 inch Industry Standard soft-sectored diskettes:

320k bytes double-density double-sided format, 40 track
or 640K bytes double-density double-sided format, 80 track

(depending on which model of floppy drive is equipped.)

If you have 80 track (96 TPI) drives be sure to buy diskettes
that are QUALIFIED for the higher density operation.

To insert a diskette in the drive, first slide it out of its
protective jacket. Keep your fingers away from the shiny diskette
area. Before inserting it, check the write protect notch located
at the side of the diskette. If the notch is covered, you can
only read the diskette, you cannot write to it. If you want to
write to it, remove the gummed-foil tape covering the notch. It
is generally a good idea to write-protect (cover the notch)
important system backup diskettes so that they are not accidently
overwritten. Your original SAGE system diskettes are shipped
already write-protected.

Diskettes are inserted into the drive, label UP. Never remove a
diskette while the drive is being accessed. Seat the diskette
firmly in the drive then close the drive latch by pressing down
until it locks.

To remove the diskette, pull up on the latch. Grasp the diskette
firmly between thumb and forefinger and remove it, taking care
not to scrape the shiny diskette surface. Put it in its
protective jacket.

Leave the disk drive door open when no diskette is in it.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

7



GETTING STARTED
DISKETTE CARE
SECTION II. 2



For long life of your diskettes, treat them kindly:

1. Keep the diskette in its jacket whenever it is not in a
floppy disk drive.

2. Do not leave a diskette in the floppy drive when powering

up or down.

3. Keep diskettes away from devices which generate magnetic
fields (transformers, AC motors, magnets, TVs, radios,
vacuum cleaners, etc.). Strong magnetic fields will
erase data on the diskette.

4. Do not touch the diskette surface. It scratches easily
and fingers leave grease prints.

5. Direct sunlight or excessive heat may warp the diskette
and make it unusable.

6. Dust, cigarette ashes or other gritty particles will
contaminate the diskette.

7. Use a felt tip pen ONLY to write on the diskette label.
A hard point will press through the label and mar the
data surface.

8. Store diskettes so that they are protected from pressure
against the sides of the data surface. A vertical file
folder is recommended or the original box.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

8



INSTALLATION
UNPACKING THE EQUIPMENT
SECTION III.l



III.l UNPACKING THE EQUIPMENT



SAGE II is shipped fully assembled and ready to be connected to
the terminal and power.



Carefully remove the computer from the shipping box. Remove and
SAVE all packing material in case you need to re-ship the unit.
Find and check everything on the packing list. Inspect visually
for shipping damage.

Place the SAGE II on a flat surface, making sure that the air
vents on the right side and the vent in the back are unobstructed
for air cooling.



air flows out rear vent



/ /I

/ / I

/ / I

/ / I

/ / /

/ / < — air flows

1 / i n right

I Drive 0 Drive 1 I / vents.

I 1 I I I I 1 I I I I /

I 1/
1 1

I I
I I
> latches '



Press up on each floppy drive latch and remove the protective
inserts. These inserts should be re-installed in the drives for
drive head protection if the sytem is re-shipped.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

9



INSTALLATION
POWER CONNECTIONS
SECTION III. 2



ttt *> nnuoe



RESET.
* I



TERMINAL



I I,



| nnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn ^

MODEM ' PRINTER GROUP-A GROUP-B IEEE-488



++++++++++++++++++
++++++++++++++++++++
++++++++ FAN +++++++++
++++++++++++++++++++
++++++++++++++++++



POWER

AC INLET
<l J>



Connect the female plug on the Power cord to the back of the unit
at AC INLET.

Connect the other end to a 120VAC 60 hz or 50 hz power source.
Note that the power cord has a three-prong safety plug to provide
a reliable system ground. Use of a 3-to~2 prong adapter is NOT
recommended. If used, the adapter MUST BE GROUNDED.

Note: Systems which have been adapted for 220VAC operation will
be indicated on the configuration label located on the bottom of
the computer.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

10



INSTALLATION
CONNECTING THE TERMINAL
SECTION III. 3



III .3 CONNECTING THE TERMINAL:



Plug in the terminal cable to the rear panel connector marked
TERMINAL. The terminal connector is a standard RS-232C connector.
Sage II terminal cables are available in two lengths:



CA0000 3' RS-232C terminal cable
CA0001 10' RS-232C terminal cable



Refer to the hardware section on the Terminal Port for more
detail.



The baud rate is pre-set to 19. 2K. This can be changed by
configuring the dip switches of GROUP-A:



SW3


SW2


SW1


Communications


rate


dwn


dwn


dwn


19. 2K


baud




dwn


dwn


up


9600


baud




dwn


up


dwn


4800


baud




dwn


up


up


2400


baud




up


dwn


dwn


1200


baud




up


dwn


up


600


baud




up


up


dwn


300


baud




up


up


up


reserved, will


def au



The terminal port always uses 8 data bits f 1 stop bit, with
parity being optional. To change the parity:

SW4 controls the parity:

dwn Even parity is enabled,
up Parity is disabled.

Note that if some characters are printed correctly but others are
not, the problem is probably a mismatch in the number of data
bits or parity selection between the terminal and the SAGE
computer.

The terminal does not have to be turned on before the SAGE II.
The BIOS ignores any illegal characters generated by the terminal
so that a program will not be effected if the terminal is turned
on/off during execution.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982
11



INSTALLATION
CONNECTING THE TERMINAL
SECTION III. 3



A utility program is available under your operating system to
further configure the software for your terminal. For the p-
System see the section in this manual on SAGEUTIL.

Caution: For terminals which have a local editing option (such as
the Televideo series) , make sure that the option is disabled and
all editing keys are transmitted to the computer. Failing to do
this may be very confusing because the terminal will echo the
operations correctly on the screen but the computer will never
see the keys to make the corresponding changes to the data.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

12



INSTALLATION
INITIAL POWER-UP
SECTION III ,4



I I I. 4 INITIAL POWER-UP:



The system is configured by the factory to boot from the left
floppy disk drive. The dip switches in GROUP-A determine how the
system boots. Sw 7 of GROUP-A is used to configure for either the
40 track (Sw 7 up) or 80 track (Sw 7 down) floppy drives.

After following the previous unpacking and setup instructions
turn on all peripherals.

Set the POWER SWITCH to ON. The screen should display:



Sage II Startup Test
RAM SIZE = xxx K

Booting from Floppy

Put in BOOT disk and press a key



This indicates that your system hardware is operating properly.
The ram size should match the amount of ram you ordered.

NOTE: The processor LED indicates the state of the system. Green
means the bus is active, Red that it is inactive, any other color
that it is in process. The LED should be GREEN before booting the
operating system or a start-up error has occurred.

If the processor LED is not green or a message indicates a RAM or
Memory error, refer to the section on Resident System Software,
Power-up Program. which contains a more complete description of
the system startup process.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

13



INSTALLATION

BOOTING FROM A FLOPPY

SECTION III. 5



I I I. 5 BOOTING PROM A FLOPPY



To boot from a floppy, Sw5 of GROUP-A should be up, Sw6 should be
down.

Put the BOOT floppy for your operating system in the left-hand
drive. Once you press a key, the machine will boot the operating
system from the BOOT floppy.

If "Not BOOT disk" is displayed, you have the diskette in wrong
or it is not the correct diskette. Diskettes go in with the label
up.

Now refer to your operating system section to use your SAGE II.
NOTE: THE FIRST THING YOU WANT TO DO IS
BACK UP YOUR SYSTEM SOFTWARE!



III. 6 BOOTING TO THE DEBUGGER



To boot to the DEBUGGER program set SW5 and SW6 in GROUP-A down.

Turn the power on.

The terminal screen should display:



I Sage II Startup Test I
I RAM SIZE = xxx K I
I > I

* i

This indicates that your system hardware is operating properly.
The ram size should match the amount of ram you ordered.

Now refer to the section on SDT, the SAGE DEBUGGING TOOL.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL

14



[1.3] 1982



INSTALLATION
IF YOU HAVE PROBLEMS
SECTION III. 7



I I I. 7 IF YOU HAVE PROBLEMS:



Read the section on the Resident System Software POWER-UP PROGRAM
for a complete description of power-up diagnostics. This should
explain any error messages given you.

Read the section on Sage II hardware I/O ports to make sure your
terminal is setup properly.



FOR A DUAL FLOPPY SYSTEM:

If your power-up check looks ok, but the operating system does
not load from the floppy, check how you are inserting the
diskette. Are you putting in the LEFT side? Is the label up
with the Notch to the left? If this is ok, try changing the
switch settings (SW5 and SW6 down) to boot to the debugger. Put
the floppy in the right side and type

>IF1

If this works, then your left floppy drive may be bad. If not,
then your diskette may be bad.



For repair, service or questions, contact your dealer or our SAGE
facility:

SAGE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
35 N. EDISON #4
RENO, NV 89502
(702) 322-6868



Once you have determined that your system is working and have
booted up sucessfully, the GROUP-A switches should be left
configured for your operation.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

15



INSTALLATION
CONNECTING THE PRINTER
SECTION I I I. 8



I I I. 8 CONNECTING THE PRINTER



The SAGE II parallel printer port "PRINTER" is usually used for
the system printer. Most Centronics-like printers will run on
this port with few software changes. The "MODEM" port can be used
for printers with a serial interface. The section on "HARDWARE"
gives the pinout of this port for those interfacing their own
printer. The section on SAGEUTIL describes what printer options
you can adjust under the p-System.

Three printers are currently supported on the SAGE II.
TI OMNI 810

Connect to the second serial port "MODEM"

Use SAGE cable # CA0003 : 10' RS232 cable
or # CA0004 : 25* RS232 cable

Execute SAGEUTIL.

Configure printer option for;

"A( Printer on REMOTE channel"

Configure remote channel OPTION for:

"Data Set Ready check before transmitting

baud rate to match printer

"7 data bits"
"1 stop bit"

"baud rate to match printer"



RADIO SHACK DAISY WHEEL PRINTER II

Connect to the parallel port "PRINTER"

use SAGE cable # CA0005 : 6' flat parallel cable

Execute SAGEUTIL.

Configure printer option for :

"C( printer on parallel port with scheduled polling"
and "L( inefeed after carriage return is inhibited.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

16



INSTALLATION
CONNECTING THE PRINTER
SECTION I I I. 8



NBC SPINWRITER 5530

Connect to the parallel port "PRINTER"

use SAGE cable # CA0005 : 6' flat parallel cable
Execute SAGEUTIL.

Configure printer option for

"B( Printer on parallel port with interrupts"

Attach the printer to the SAGE II with the proper cable and
connect power.

NOTE: Pinouts for the connectors and cables are given in the
HARDWARE section under I/O ports.



Ill .9 RESETTING THE SYSTEM



Pressing the RESET switch causes the computer to abort its
current process and re-do the power-up sequence. Diskettes do not
need to be removed from the drives for a RESET but should always
be removed before powering down.

NOTE: If you are running under the p-System using the SAGE II RAM
Disk option and you reset, files in RAM Disk are lost.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL

17



[1.3] 1982



P-SYSTEM

UCSD OPERATING SYSTEM
SECTION IV



IV UCSD OPERATING SYSTEM



Development of the p-System started in 1973 at the University of
California, San Diego on the school's Burroughs B6700 computer.
It grew from a simple support package for an introductory Pascal
programming class to a user-oriented interactive system available
on many different systems and sold by SOFTECH MICROSYSTEMS . Two
more languages, FORTRAN and BASIC are now supported by the
operating system.



The heart of the p-System is the concept of a "p-machine". The
system compilers convert the source language text to M p-code"
which is code for this abstract "p-machine". The 68000
INTERPRETER emulates the p-machine for the SAGE II at run time.
The INTERPRETER and the BIOS are the only two parts of the entire
p-System that must be re-written for each new machine. With this
concept, the p-System can be easily put on any machine although
the its performance will, of course, be better on a 16-bit
machine than on an 8-bit machine. Programs written in Pascal,
Fortran or Basic on one p-System are easily moved to a different
machine with the p-System. This "portability" is one of the major
advantages of the p-System. Many SAGE II users have ported their
software in a matter of hours - with most of the time spent
transferring their program over the serial port from their old
machine to the SAGE. (The section on Computer Intercommunication
explains how to do this.)

The p-System supports a powerful screen-oriented EDITOR which has
many word-processing features such as "Filling" where lines of
text are combined together to make the right edge of the text as
nearly even as possible. The p-System Users' manual explains all
the commands of the Editor, the Filer Linker, Assembler,
Compilers and specific information about the UCSD implementation
of Pascal.

The following sections of the SAGE II Users* Manual give specific
information about the BIOS and special support routines provided
by Sage:

a) How to get the operating system loaded.

b) Differences in the SAGE II p-SYSTEM implementation.

c) Special features in the SAGE II p-System implementation.

d) How much memory is available for your program.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

18



P-SYSTEM
LOADING THE SYSTEM
SECTION IV. 1



IV. 1 LOADING THE SYSTEM:



At this point, you should have completed all the instructions
given in the installation section. Your terminal screen should
say:



SAGE II Startup test

Ram Size = xxx K

Booting from Floppy

Put in BOOT disk and press a key.



If you have not yet done so, read at least the first three
chapters of the p-System Users' Manual to become familiar with
the terminology and use of the operating system and the Filer.
Insert the disk marked SYSTEM in the left drive. The label should
be up. The latch must be closed.

Press a key. The disk drive should begin to read the disk. When
finished, the screen should display the p-System command line:



Command: E(dit, R(un, F(ile, C(omp ?[IV.l B4h]

Welcome SYSTEM, to
U.C.S.D. p-System IV. 1
Current date is da-mon-yr



Each command is the first character of one of the choices shown.
If your system does not boot, check that you are using a diskette
with a boot area and the system files on it. A later section
describes the files you need for booting.

When your system boots up, one of the first things you MUST do is
back up the system files you just received.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

19



P-SYSTEM

BACKING UP SYSTEM FILES
SECTION IV. 2



IV. 2 BACKING UP SYSTEM FILES:



Keeping back-up copies of your files is one of the first things a
programmer learns, usually the hard way. Losing your only copy
of a day's work is painful. Having to re-type in even an hour of
changes is valuable time lost.

The first thing you, as a new user of a SAGE II, must do is
backup the diskettes that SAGE sent you. These diskettes are
write protected and cannot be written to. We suggest that the
user make a set of working system masters which are configured
for his system, and then use them to generate system diskettes
for everyday usage. This means:

1) Format your blank diskettes for your drives. The disk
format defines how the data is stored on the diskette.
It is slightly different for different disk drives and
°^stems. For example, on the SAGE II, diskettes can be
formatted for either 40 track or 80 track drives.
Brand new diskettes must always be formatted for your
drives.

2) Copy system files to the new formatted diskettes. The
diskettes must be given a name and a directory area.
A directory is a table of where the files are located
on the diskette. ALL files are copied to the diskette.

3) Check the new diskettes to make sure they work. Store
the original diskettes in a safe place.

These operations will now be described in detail.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

20



P-SYSTEM
FORMATTING A DISKETTE
SECTION IV. 2.1



IV. 2.1 FORMATTING A DISKETTE:

Your system diskette should be in the left-hand drive (#4:).
Your new diskette should be in the right-hand drive (#5:).

The screen shows: You type:

Command: E(dit, R(un f F(iler, C(omp, L(ink.. X

Execute what file? SAGEUTIL <CR>

C(onfigure, E(oot Copy, F(ormat, Q(uit F

Floppy Diskette Formatter

Drive to be formatted (4 or 5)? 5

SAGE double side f 80 track (1280 blocks)
or

SAGE double side, 40 track ( 640 blocks)

Is diskette ready for formatting in drive 5? Y



Verification



Format complete

More diskettes to format? Y if more

N if done



C(onfigure, B(oot Copy, F(ormat, Q(uit Q

Now you should be back at the command line. Refer to the section
on SAGEUTIL for more detail on the Formatter.



|

SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

21



P-SYSTEM

FORMATTING A DISKETTE
SECTION IV. 2.1



ZEROING A DISKETTE DIRECTORY:



A diskette should be given a ZEROED directory once it is
formatted. To do this:



The screen shows: You type:

Command: E(dit, R(un, F(iler, C(omp, L(ink...? F

Filer: G(et f S(ave f W(hat, N(ew ? Z

Zero dir of what vol? #4: or #5:<cr>

# of blocks on disk? (40 track) 640 <cr>

or (80 track) 1280 <cr>

New vol name? (7 char max) x: <cr>

x: correct? Y

Filer: G(et, S(ave, W(hat, N(ew ? Q



Now you should be back at the Command line:
Command: E(dit f R(un r F(iler, C(omp, L(ink...?



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL

22



[1.3] 1982



P-SYSTEM
COPYING SYSTEM FILES
SECTION IV. 2. 2



IV. 2. 2 COPYING SYSTEM FILES



Now that you have a formatted diskette, copy the system files:



The screen shows: You type:

Command: E(dit f R(un, F(iler f C(omp, L(ink...? F

Filer: G(et, S(ave f W(hat, N(ew ? T

Transfer what file? #4:,#5:<cr>

Transfer 640 blocks? (40 track) Y

or 1280 (80 track)

Destroy xx:? Y

System: > #5:

Filer: G(et, S(ave, W(hat f N(ew ? Q



Now you should be back at the Command line:
Command: E(dit, R(un, F(iler, C(omp, L(ink...?

Note that this method makes a complete copy of the image of the
left diskette on the right diskette. The bootstrap area will be
copied and both diskettes will have the same name. Do not attempt
to continue using the system with two diskettes which have the
same name. The system may become confused and not use the
diskette you expect. Once an image transfer is accomplished, the
source diskette should be removed.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

23



P-SYSTEM

SINGLE DRIVE COPY OF FILES:
SECTION IV. 2 ,3



SINGLE DRIVE COPY OF FILES:



If you have only one floppy disk
done using the same method, but
diskette must have a zeroed
procedure. In the Filer, specify

Transfer what file?



drive, copying diskettes can be
it will be very slow. The new
directory, see the previous

T to transfer:

#4:, #4:



This method will be SLOW because you will have to swap the
diskettes in and out many times. (20 swaps for an 80 track
diskette). If you have RAM Disk, it is much faster to transfer as
many files as possible to RAM Disk. Your RAM Disk area (#11:)
must be enabled with SAGEUTIL, zeroed and set to its maximum
block size. See the section on the RAM Disk for details. In the
Filer, specify T to transfer:

1. Transfer what file? #4:?, #11:$ <cr>

The program will ask you if you want to transfer each file,
answer "Y" for those that you need. An "ESC" key will stop the
process if you run out of room. Remove the master floppy and
insert the new (zeroed) one. Transfer the files from RAM DISK to
the new floppy:

2. Transfer what file? #11:?, #4:$ <cr>

Now remove all of the files on #11: to make room for the next
transfer .

3. Remove what file? #11:= <cr>
Update directory? Y

Put the master floppy back in and repeat steps 1-3 until all
files are done.

If you do not have RAM Disk, it will be faster to only transfer
those files you need, one at a time, than to transfer all blocks
on the diskette.

If you have transferred selected files, you must then use
SAGEUTIL to COPY the BOOT area to your new diskette.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL

24



[1.3] 1982



P-SYSTEM

CHECKOUT THE NEW SYSTEM DISKETTE:

SECTION IV. 2. 4



CHECKOUT THE NEW SYSTEM DISKETTE:



1. Remove both diskettes.

2. Put the new system diskette in the left side (#4:).

3. RESET the computer.

4. Your system should boot to the command line.
(See the Power-up section) .

BACKUP THE OTHER DISTRIBUTION DISKETTES:



The RELEASE NOTES contain the directories of the distribution
diskettes sent with your system. Even though you may not plan to
use them right away, you should back all of them up. This is to
verify that the diskettes can be read by your system and that you
have received all the diskettes with your order.

Store your master distribution diskettes in a safe place. (See
the section on DISKETTES for care and handling guidelines.)



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982
25



P-SYSTEM

BUILDING YOUR SYSTEM
SECTION IV. 3



IV. 3 BUILDING YOUR SYSTEM



There are several configuration options available to customize
your system for its peripherals and your application. These
options usually require modifying files and file names so it is
best to make a 'Working Master' diskette which is configured for
your requirements. It is easiest to start creating the 'Working
Master' from a copy of the distribution diskette called SYSTEM.
Boot up on this 'Working Master' diskette so that it is the
system device.

The first configuration that should be done is to adapt the
system to your terminal. The p-System software uses some of the
special display features available on most terminals.
Unfortunately most terminals use different protocalls to control
these features. The file SYSTEM. MISCINFO contains the

information which tells the system what characters to output to
control the terminal display features. The SYSTEM. MISCINFO file
shipped with the system does not define any special features so
that conflicts with your terminal will not cause an unreadable
screen.

Several xxxxxx. MISCINFO files have been provided for certain
terminals (see System Release Notes for information on supplied
configurations) . If an appropriate MISCINFO file is available
for your terminal, then use the Filer to T(ransfer the file from
the appropriate distribution diskette to the 'Working Master*
under the name SYSTEM. MISCINFO. The Filer will ask if the
original file is to be deleted and you should answer 'Y'. Try
rebooting your system and the Command: prompt line should appear
at the top of the screen.

If an appropriate xxxxxx. MISCINFO file is not available for your
terminal then you will have to use the program SETUP. CODE to
modify the existing SYSTEM. MISCINFO. Information describing
SETUP is contained in the p-System Installation Guide, section
III. 2 (last half of first binder). Note that some new
information (generally not involving the terminal) has been added
in the Version 4.1 release. These changes to SETUP are
documented in the p-System Supplement, section IV.3 (last half of
third binder) . Remember that the SETUP program creates a file
NEW. MISCINFO which must be changed to SYSTEM. MISCINFO and the
system rebooted.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

26



P-SYSTEM
BUILDING YOUR SYSTEM
SECTION IV. 3



The Version 4.1 p-System release can now also handle an ANSI
standard terminal such as a DEC VT100. Handling an ANSI standard
terminal is somewhat more complex and involves installing a new
SCREENOPS Unit (from file ANSI. CODE) into the operating system.
Information on this installation is contained in the p-System
Supplement, section IV. 1.7.



SAGE II USER'S MANUAL [1.3] 1982

27



P-SYSTEM

SETUP FOR A TERMINAL
SECTION IV. 3.1



IV. 3.1 SETUP. CODE Notes



The following Setup program information is used by SAGE
internally on the TeleVideo 925 terminal. The items marked with
a single ' *■ are appropriate for any SAGE II computer.





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