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PUBLISHING



Kali Linux Cookbook



Willie L. Pritchett
David De Smet




Kati Linux Cookbook

Onr 70 f*CV*ft <D h*p you Fngtlgr Ka* Linux fur «*Ktw*



Chapter No. 9
"Wireless Attacks"



In this package, you will find:

A Biography of the authors of the book

A preview chapter from the book, Chapter NO.9 "Wireless Attacks"
A synopsis of the book's content
Information on where to buy this book



About the Authors

Willie L. Pritchett has a Master's in Business Administration. He is a seasoned
developer and security enthusiast who has over 20 years of experience in the IT field.
He is currently the Chief Executive at Mega Input Data Services, Inc., a full service
database management firm specializing in secure, data-driven, application development,
and staffing services. He has worked with state and local government agencies as well
as helping many small businesses reach their goals through technology. Willie has
several industry certifications and currently trains students on various topics including
ethical hacking and penetration testing.

I would like to thank my wife Shavon for being by my side and supporting
me as I undertook this endeavor. To my children, Sierra and Josiah, for
helping me to understand the meaning of quality time. To my parents, Willie
and Sarah, I thank you for providing a work ethic and core set of values that
guide me through the roughest days. A special thanks to all of my colleagues,
associates, and business partners who gave me a chance when I first started
in the IT field; through you a vision of business ownership wasn't destroyed,
but allowed to flourish. Finally, I would like to thank all of the reviewers and
technical consultants who provided exceptional insight and feedback
throughout the course of writing this book.



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David De Smet has worked in the software industry since 2007 and is the founder
and CEO of iSoftDev Co., where he is responsible for many varying tasks, including
but not limited to consultant, customer requirements specification analysis, software
design, software implementation, software testing, software maintenance, database
development, and web design. He is so passionate about what he does that he spends
inordinate amounts of time in the software development area. He also has a keen interest
in the hacking and network security field and provides network security assessments
to several companies.

I would like to extend my thanks to Usha Iyer for giving me the opportunity
to get involved in this book, as well as my project coordinator Sai Gamare
and the whole team behind the book. I thank my family and especially my
girlfriend Paola Janaham for the support, encouragement, and most
importantly the patience while I was working on the book in the middle
of the night.



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Kali Linux Cookbook



Kali Linux is a Linux-based penetration testing arsenal that aids security professionals
in performing assessments in a purely native environment dedicated to hacking. Kali
Linux is a distribution based on the Debian GNU/Linux distribution aimed at digital
forensics and penetration testing use. It is a successor to the popular
BackTrack distribution.

Kali Linux Cookbook provides you with practical recipes featuring many popular
tools that cover the basics of a penetration test: information gathering, vulnerability
identification, exploitation, privilege escalation, and covering your tracks.

The book begins by covering the installation of Kali Linux and setting up a virtual
environment to perform your tests. We then explore recipes involving the basic
principles of a penetration test such as information gathering, vulnerability
identification, and exploitation. You will learn about privilege escalation, radio
network analysis, voice over IP, password cracking, and Kali Linux forensics.

Kali Linux Cookbook will serve as an excellent source of information for the security
professional and novice alike. The book offers detailed descriptions and example
recipes that allow you to quickly get up to speed on both Kali Linux and its usage
in the penetration testing field.

We hope you enjoy reading the book!

What This Book Covers

Chapter 1, Up and Running with Kali Linux, shows you how to set up Kali Linux
in your testing environment and configure Kali Linux to work within your network.

Chapter 2, Customizing Kali Linux, walks you through installing and configuring
drivers for some of the popular video and wireless cards.

Chapter 3, Advanced Testing Lab, covers tools that can be used to set up more
advanced simulations and test cases.

Chapter 4, Information Gathering, covers tools that can be used during
the information gathering phase including Maltego and Nmap.

Chapter 5, Vulnerability Assessment, walks you through the usage
of the Nessus and Open V AS vulnerability scanners.



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Chapter 6, Exploiting Vulnerabilities, covers the use of Metasploit through
attacks on commonly used services.

Chapter 7, Escalating Privileges, explains the usage of tools such as Ettercap,
SET, and Meterpreter.

Chapter 8, Password Attacks, walks you through the use of tools to crack
password hashes and user accounts.

Chapter 9, Wireless Attacks, walks you through how to use various tools
to exploit the wireless network.



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9

Wireless Attacks



In this chapter, we will cover:

► Wireless network WEP cracking

► Wireless network WPA/WPA2 cracking

► Automating wireless network cracking

► Accessing clients using a fake AP

► URL traffic manipulation

► Port redirection

► Sniffing network traffic



Introduction



These days, wireless networks are everywhere. With users being on the go like never before,
having to remain stationary because of having to plug into an Ethernet cable to gain Internet
access is not feasible. For this convenience, there is a price to be paid; wireless connections
are not as secure as Ethernet connections. In this chapter, we will explore various methods
for manipulating radio network traffic including mobile phones and wireless networks.



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Wireless Attacks



Wireless network WEP cracking



Wireless Equivalent Privacy, or WEP as it's commonly referred to, has been around since
1999 and is an older security standard that was used to secure wireless networks. In 2003,
WEP was replaced by WPA and later by WPA2. Due to having more secure protocols available,
WEP encryption is rarely used. As a matter of fact, it is highly recommended that you never
use WEP encryption to secure your network! There are many known ways to exploit WEP
encryption and we will explore one of those ways in this recipe.

In this recipe, we will use the AirCrack suite to crack a WEP key. The AirCrack suite (or AirCrack
NG as it's commonly referred to) is a WEP and WPA key cracking program that captures
network packets, analyzes them, and uses this data to crack the WEP key.



Getting ready



In order to perform the tasks of this recipe, experience with the Kali terminal window is
required. A supported wireless card configured for packet injection will also be required.
In case of a wireless card, packet injection involves sending a packet, or injecting it onto
an already established connection between two parties. Please ensure your wireless card
allows for packet injection as this is not something that all wireless cards support.



How to do it...



Let's begin the process of using AirCrack to crack a network session secured by WEP.
1. Open a terminal window and bring up a list of wireless network interfaces:

airmon-ng



root@kali:~# airmon-ng



2. Under the interface column, select one of your interfaces. In this case, we will use
wlano. If you have a different interface, such as mono, please substitute it at every
location where wlano is mentioned.

3. Next, we need to stop the wlano interface and take it down so that we can change
our MAC address in the next step.

airmon-ng stop

ifconfig wlanO down



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Chapter 9



4. Next, we need to change the MAC address of our interface. Since the MAC
address of your machine identifies you on any network, changing the identity
of our machine allows us to keep our true MAC address hidden. In this case,

we Will use 0 0 : ll :22 :33 :44 :55.

macchanger --mac 00:11:22:33:44:55 wlanO

5. Now we need to restart airmon-ng.
airmon-ng start wlanO

6. Next, we will use airodump to locate the available wireless networks nearby.

airodump-ng wlanO

7. A listing of available networks will begin to appear. Once you find the one you want
to attack, press Ctrl + C to stop the search. Highlight the MAC address in the bssid
column, right click your mouse, and select copy. Also, make note of the channel
that the network is transmitting its signal upon. You will find this information in the
Channel column. In this case, the channel is 10.

8. Now we run airodump and copy the information for the selected BSSID to a file.
We will utilize the following options:

□ -c allows us to select our channel. In this case, we use 10.

□ -w allows us to select the name of our file. In this case, we have chosen

wire les sat tack.

□ -bssid allows us to select our BSSID. In this case, we will paste
09 : ac : 90 :AB : 78 from the clipboard.

airodump-ng -c 10 -w wirelessattack --bssid 09 : AC : 90 : AB : 78 wlanO

9. A new terminal window will open displaying the output from the previous command.
Leave this window open.

10. Open another terminal window; to attempt to make an association, we will run
aireplay, which has the following syntax: aireplay-ng -1 0 -a [BSSID] -h
[our chosen MAC address] -e [ESSID] [Interface]

aireplay-ng -1 0 -a 09 : AC : 90 : AB : 78 -h 00:11:22:33:44:55 -e
backtrack wlanO

11. Next, we send some traffic to the router so that we have some data to capture. We
use aireplay again in the following format: aireplay-ng -3 -b [BSSID] - h
[Our chosen MAC address] [Interface]

aireplay-ng -3 -b 09 : AC : 90 : AB : 78 -h 00:11:22:33:44:55 wlanO

12. Your screen will begin to fill with traffic. Let this process run for a minute or two until
we have information to run the crack.



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Wireless Attacks

13. Finally, we run AirCrack to crack the WEP key.

aircrack-ng -b 09 : AC : 90 : AB : 78 wirelessattack . cap

That's it!



How it works...



In this recipe, we used the AirCrack suite to crack the WEP key of a wireless network. AirCrack
is one of the most popular programs for cracking WEP. AirCrack works by gathering packets
from a wireless connection over WEP and then mathematically analyzing the data to crack
the WEP encrypted key. We began the recipe by starting AirCrack and selecting our desired
interface. Next, we changed our MAC address which allowed us to change our identity on the
network and then searched for available wireless networks to attack using airodump. Once
we found the network we wanted to attack, we used aireplay to associate our machine with
the MAC address of the wireless device we were attacking. We concluded by gathering some
traffic and then brute-forced the generated CAP file in order to get the wireless password.



Wireless network WPA/WPA2 cracking



WiFi Protected Access, or WPA as it's commonly referred to, has been around since 2003
and was created to secure wireless networks and replace the outdated previous standard,
WEP encryption. In 2003, WEP was replaced by WPA and later by WPA2. Due to having more
secure protocols available, WEP encryption is rarely used.

In this recipe, we will use the AirCrack suite to crack a WPA key. The AirCrack suite (or AirCrack
NG as it's commonly referred) is a WEP and WPA key cracking program that captures network
packets, analyzes them, and uses this data to crack the WPA key.



Getting ready



In order to perform the tasks of this recipe, experience with the Kali Linux terminal windows
is required. A supported wireless card configured for packet injection will also be required.
In the case of a wireless card, packet injection involves sending a packet, or injecting it onto
an already established connection between two parties.



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Chapter 9



How to do it...



Let's begin the process of using AirCrack to crack a network session secured by WPA.
1. Open a terminal window and bring up a list of wireless network interfaces.

airmon-ng



root@kali : -# airmon-ng



2. Under the interface column, select one of your interfaces. In this case, we will use
wlano. If you have a different interface, such as mono, please substitute it at every
location where wlano is mentioned.

3. Next, we need to stop the wlano interface and take it down,
airmon-ng stop wlanO

ifconfig wlanO down

4. Next, we need to change the MAC address of our interface. In this case, we will use

00 : 11 : 22 : 33 :44 : 55.

macchanger --mac 00:11:22:33:44:55 wlanO

5. Now we need to restart airmon-ng.
airmon-ng start wlanO

6. Next, we will use airodump to locate the available wireless networks nearby.

airodump-ng wlanO

7. A listing of available networks will begin to appear. Once you find the one you want
to attack, press Ctrl + C to stop the search. Highlight the MAC address in the bssid
column, right-click, and select copy. Also, make note of the channel that the network
is transmitting its signal upon. You will find this information in the channel column.
In this case, the channel is 10.

8. Now we run airodump and copy the information for the selected BSSID to a file.
We will utilize the following options:

□ -c allows us to select our channel. In this case, we use 10.

□ -w allows us to select the name of our file. In this case, we have chosen

wirelessattack .

□ -bssid allows us to select our BSSID. In this case, we will paste
09 : ac : 90 :AB : 78 from the clipboard.

airodump-ng -c 10 -w wirelessattack --bssid 09 : AC : 90 : AB : 78 wlanO
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Wireless Attacks

9. A new terminal window will open displaying the output from the previous command.
Leave this window open.

10. Open another terminal window; to attempt to make an association, we will run
aireplay, which has the following syntax: aireplay-ng -dauth 1 -a [BSSID]
-c [our chosen MAC address] [Interface] . This process may take a few
moments.

Aireplay-ng --deauth 1 -a 09 : AC : 90 : AB : 78 -c 00:11:22:33:44:55
wlanO

11. Finally, we run AirCrack to crack the WPA key. The -w option allows us to specify the
location of our wordlist. We will use the . cap file that we named earlier. In this case,
the file's name is wirelessattack . cap.

Aircrack-ng -w . /wordlist . 1st wirelessattack . cap
That's it!



How it works...



In this recipe, we used the AirCrack suite to crack the WPA key of a wireless network. AirCrack
is one of the most popular programs for cracking WPA. AirCrack works by gathering packets
from a wireless connection over WPA and then brute-forcing passwords against the gathered
data until a successful handshake is established. We began the recipe by starting AirCrack
and selecting our desired interface. Next, we changed our MAC address which allowed us
to change our identity on the network and then searched for available wireless networks to
attack using airodump. Once we found the network we wanted to attack, we used aireplay
to associate our machine with the MAC address of the wireless device we were attacking. We
concluded by gathering some traffic and then brute forced the generated CAP file in order to
get the wireless password.



Automating wireless network cracking



In this recipe we will use Gerix to automate a wireless network attack. Gerix is an automated
GUI for AirCrack. Gerix comes installed by default on Kali Linux and will speed up your wireless
network cracking efforts.



Getting ready



A supported wireless card configured for packet injection will be required to complete this
recipe. In the case of a wireless card, packet injection involves sending a packet, or injecting
it, onto an already established connection between two parties.



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Chapter 9



How to do it...



Let's begin the process of performing an automated wireless network crack with Gerix by
downloading it.

1. Using wget, navigate to the following website to download Gerix.

wget https : / /bitbucket . org/ Skin3 6/gerix-wifi -cracker- pyqt 4/
downloads/gerix-wif i- cracker -master . rar

2. Once the file has been downloaded, we now need to extract the data from the
RAR file.

unrar x gerix-wif i-cracker-master . rar

3. Now, to keep things consistent, let's move the Gerix folder to the /usr/share
directory with the other penetration testing tools.

mv gerix-wif i-cracker-master /usr/share/gerix-wif i-cracker

4. Let's navigate to the directory where Gerix is located,
cd /usr/share/gerix-wif i-cracker

5. To begin using Gerix, we issue the following command:
python gerix. py



~ " * Gerix wifi cracker



Welcome | Configuration | WEP | WPA | Fake AP | Cracking | Database | Credits |




Hello and Welcome!

Oerix wifi Cracker is a GUI that can help you to work in Wireless S02.ll Penetration Test.
Created by Emanuele "emgenf Gentili and Emanuele 'crossbower' Acri. Thetool is under GPL 2
License-
enjoy!



20:33:56 - database reloaded: /rocttgerix-wifi-cracker/key-database.db [Success!



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Wireless Attacks

6. Click on the Configuration tab.

7. On the Configuration tab, select your wireless interface.

8. Click on the Enable/Disable Monitor Mode button.

9. Once Monitor mode has been enabled successfully, under Select Target Network,
click on the Rescan Networks button.

10. The list of targeted networks will begin to fill. Select a wireless network to target.
In this case, we select a WEP encrypted network.

11. Click on the WEP tab.



Welcome | Configuration | WEP | wpa | FakeAP ] Cracking j Database | Credits ]

Welcome in WEP Attacks Control Panel

General function aWes

-Functionalities

| Start Sniffing and Logging 1

-Tests

Performs a test of injection AP



12. Under Functionalities, click on the Start Sniffing and Logging button.

13. Click on the subtab WEP Attacks (No Client).

14. Click on the Start false access point authentication on victim button.

15. Click on the Start the ChopChop attack button.

16. In the terminal window that opens, answer Y to the Use this packet question.

17. Once completed, copy the . cap file generated.

18. Click on the Create the ARP packet to be injected on the victim access
point button.

19. Click on the Inject the created packet on victim access point button.

20. In the terminal window that opens, answer Y to the Use this packet question.

21. Once you have gathered approximately 20,000 packets, click on the Cracking tab.

22. Click on the Aircrack-ng - Decrypt WEP Password button.
That's it!



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Chapter 9



How it works...



In this recipe, we used Gerix to automate a crack on a wireless network in order to obtain the
WEP key. We began the recipe by launching Gerix and enabling the monitoring mode interface.
Next, we selected our victim from a list of attack targets provided by Gerix. After we started
sniffing the network traffic, we then used Chop Chop to generate the CAP file. We concluded
the recipe by gathering 20,000 packets and brute-forced the CAP file with AirCrack.

With Gerix, we were able to automate the steps to crack a WEP key without having to manually
type commands in a terminal window. This is an excellent way to quickly and efficiently break
into a WEP secured network.



Accessing clients using a fake AP



In this recipe, we will use Gerix to create and set up a fake access point (AP). Setting up a
fake access point gives us the ability to gather information on each of the computers that
access it. People in this day and age will often sacrifice security for convenience. Connecting
to an open wireless access point to send a quick e-mail or to quickly log into a social network
is rather convenient. Gerix is an automated GUI for AirCrack.



Getting ready



A supported wireless card configured for packet injection will be required to complete this
recipe. In the case of a wireless card, packet injection involves sending a packet, or injecting it
onto an already established connection between two parties.



How to do it...



Let's begin the process of creating a fake AP with Gerix.

1. Let's navigate to the directory where Gerix is located:

cd /usr/share/gerix-wif i-cracker



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Wireless Attacks

2. To begin using Gerix, we issue the following command:
python gerix. py



" " x Gerix wifi cracker



Welcome | Configuration | WEP | WPA | Fake AP | Cracking | Database J Credits |




Hello and Welcome!

Gerix Wifi Cracker is a Girl that can help you to work in Wireless 802.11 Penetration Test,
Created by Emanuele 'emgent' Gentili and Emanuele ' crossbower' Acri. The tool is under GPL 2
License,
enjoy!



20:33:56 - database reloaded: /root/.gerix-wifi-craekerykey-database.db (Success)



3. Click on the Configuration tab.

4. On the Configuration tab, select your wireless interface.

5. Click on the Enable/Disable Monitor Mode button.

6. Once Monitor mode has been enabled successfully, under Select Target Network,
press the Rescan Networks button.

7. The list of targeted networks will begin to fill. Select a wireless network to target.
In this case, we select a WEP encrypted network.

8. Click on the Fake AP tab.



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Chapter 9



welcome | configuration | WEP I WPA I Fake ap | cracking j Database | Credits |

Welcome in Fake Access Point Control Panel

Create Fake ap



Access point ESSIDr
fhoneypot

Access point channel:
^



-Cryptography tags

r WEP None C WPA C WPA3



Kay in H»x (Ex. aabbccddee) or Empty:
haboccddee



r WPA/WPA2 types

if W£MQ C TRIP r WRAP C CCMP T WEP104



-Options

F Ad hoc mode r Hidden ss id I - Disable broadcast probes r Respond to all probes



Start fake Access Point



9. Change the Access Point ESSID from honeypot to something less suspicious.
In this case, we are going to use personalnetwork.



Access point ESSID;



pei son al net work



10. We will use the defaults on each of the other options. To start the fake access point,
click on the Start Face Access Point button.



■st Art Fake Access Point



That's it!



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Wireless Attacks



How it works...



In this recipe, we used Gerix to create a fake AP. Creating a fake AP is an excellent way of
collecting information from unsuspecting users. The reason fake access points are a great
tool to use is that to your victim, they appear to be a legitimate access point, thus making it
trusted by the user. Using Gerix, we were able to automate the creation of setting up a fake
access point in a few short clicks.



URL traffic manipulation



In this recipe, we will perform a URL traffic manipulation attack. URL traffic manipulation is
very similar to a Man In The Middle attack, in that we will route traffic destined for the Internet
to pass through our machine first. We will perform this attack through ARP poisoning. ARP
poisoning is a technique that allows you to send spoofed ARP messages to a victim on the
local network. We will execute this recipe using arpspoof.



How to do it...



Let's begin the process of URL traffic manipulation.

1. Open a terminal window and execute the following command to configure IP tables
that will allow our machine to route traffic:

sudo echo 1 >> /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_f orward

2. Next, we launch arpspoof to poison traffic going from our victim's machine to the
default gateway. In this example, we will use a Windows 7 machine on my local
network with an address of 192 . 168 . 10 . lis. Arpspoof has a couple of options
that we will select and they include:

□ -i allows us to select our target interface. In this case, we will select wlano.

□ -t allows us to specify our target.

- The syntax for completing this command is arpspoof -i

[interface] -t [target IP address] [destination
IP address] .

sudo arpspoof -i wlanO -t 192.168.10.115 192.168.10.1

3. Next, we will execute another arpspoof command that will take traffic from the
destination in the previous command (which was the default gateway) and route that
traffic back to our Kali machine. In this example our IP address is 192 . 168 . 10 . no.

sudo arpspoof -i wlanO -t 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.110

That's it!

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Chapter 9



How it works...



In this recipe, we used ARP poisoning with arpspoof to manipulate traffic on our victim's
machine to ultimately route back through our Kali Linux machine. Once traffic has been
rerouted, there are other attacks that you can run against the victim, including recording
their keystrokes, following websites they have visited, and much more!



Port redirection



In this recipe, we will use Kali to perform port redirection, also known as port forwarding or
port mapping. Port redirection involves the process of accepting a packet destined for one
port, say port 80, and redirecting its traffic to a different port, such as 8080. The benefits of
being able to perform this type of attack are endless because with it you can redirect secure
ports to unsecure ports, redirect traffic to a specific port on a specific device, and so on.



How to do it...



Let's begin the process of port redirection/forwarding.

1. Open a terminal window and execute the following command to configure IP tables
that will allow our machine to route traffic:

Sudo echo 1 >> /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_f orward

2. Next, we launch arpspoof to poison traffic going to our default gateway. In this
example, the IP address of our default gateway is 192 . 168 . 10 . l. Arpspoof
has a couple of options that we will select and they include:

□ -i allows us to select our target interface. In this case, we will select wlano .

%~\ The syntax for completing this command is arpspoof -i
[interface] [destination IP address].

sudo arpspoof -i wlanO 192.168.10.1

3. Next, we will execute another arpspoof command that will take traffic from our
destination in the previous command (which was the default gateway) and route
that traffic back to our Kali Linux machine. In this example our IP address is
192 . 168 . 10 . 110.

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --destination-port 80 -j
REDIRECT --to-port 8080

That's it!



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Wireless Attacks



How it works...



In this recipe, we used ARP poisoning with arpspoof and IPTables routing to manipulate traffic
on our network destined for port 80 to be redirected to port 8080. The benefits of being able
to perform this type of attack are endless because with it you can redirect secure ports to
unsecure ports, redirect traffic to a specific port on a specific device, and so on.



Sniffing network traffic



In this recipe, we will examine the process of sniffing network traffic. Sniffing network traffic
involves the process of intercepting network packets, analyzing it, and then decoding the
traffic (if necessary) displaying the information contained within the packet. Sniffing traffic is
particularly useful in gathering information from a target, because depending on the websites
visited, you will be able to see the URLs visited, usernames, passwords, and other details that
you can use against them.

We will use Ettercap for this recipe, but you could also use Wireshark. For demonstration
purposes, Ettercap is a lot easier to understand and apply sniffing principles. Once an
understanding of the sniffing process is established, Wireshark can be utilized to provide
more detailed analysis.



Getting ready



A wireless card configured for packet injection is required to complete this recipe although you
can perform the same steps over a wired network. In case of a wireless card, packet injection
involves sending a packet, or injecting it, onto an already established connection between
two parties.



How to do it...



Let's begin the process of sniffing network traffic by launching Ettercap.

1. Open a terminal window and start Ettercap. Using the -G option, launch the GUI:
ettercap -G



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' v * ettercap 0.7.4.1

File Sniff Options. Help



Chapter 9




2. We begin the process by turning on Unified sniffing. You can press Shift + U
or use the menu and navigate to Sniff | Unified sniffing.



File


v x ettercap 0.7,4.1

Sniff Options Help


m




Unified sniffing... Shift+U
Bridged sniffing... Shift+FJ

Set pcap filter... P





3. Select the network interface. In case of using a MITM attack, we should select our
wireless interface.




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Wireless Attacks

4. Next, we turn on Scan for hosts. This can be accomplished by pressing Ctrl + S or use
the menu and navigate to Hosts | Scan for hosts.





Hosts


View Mitm Filters Logging Plu




Hosts list H

Scan for hosts Ctri+S
Load from file... Ctrl+O
Save to file... Ctrl+S





5. Next, we bring up the Host List. You can either press H or use the menu and navigate
to Hosts | Host List.



1 * v X


ettercap 0.7.4.1




1 Start Targets


Hosts View Mitm


Filters Logging 1


Host List M




Hosts list


H




L




IP Address


M


Scan for hosts


Ctrl+S




10.0.2.2




Load from file...


Ctrl+O




10.0.2.3


5:


Save to file-


Ctrl+S





6. We next need to select and set our targets. In our case, we will select

192 . 168 . 10 . in as our Target 1 by highlighting its IP address and pressing
the Add To Target 1 button.



a v 1 k ettercap 0,7.4.1

Start Targets Hosts View Mitm Filters Logging Plugins Help



Host List It
IP Address



MAC Address



Description



192.163.10.102 00;0D:93;7A:EA:C8

192.16S.10.107 00:18:ET:07:BE:70

19216S.10.108 00:0B:5D:29:28;FF

192.168.10.110 00:02:A5:B1:EB:OF

192.168.10.111 08:00:27:17:81 :3C



192.163.10.112 08:00:27:19:BD:8



192, 16&, 10.150 00:80:77:07:80;A3



Delete Host



Add to Target 1



Add to Target 2



55 ports monitored
75B7 mac vendor fingerprint t
1 7 66 tcp OS fingerprint
2 183 known services
Randomizing 255 hosts for scanning...
scanning the whole netmask for 255 hosts..
9 hosts added to the hosts list...



-HE1-



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Chapter 9



7. Now we are able to allow Ettercap to begin sniffing. You can either press CM + W
or use the menu and navigate to Start | Start sniffing.



v\ v x ettercap 0.7.4,1

Start Targets Hosts View Mitm Filters Logging Plugins Hel|
Start sniffing Ctrl+W
Stop sniffing Ctrl+E

Exit Ctrl+X




8. Finally, we begin the ARP poisoning process. From the menu, navigate to
Mitm | Arp poisoning....



* v x ettercap 0.7.4.1

Start Targets Hosts View Mitm Filters Logging Plug


ins Help




Arp poisoning...
Icmp redirect...
Port stealing...
Dhcp spoofing...

Stop mitm attack(s)




n





9. In the window that appears, check the optional parameter for Sniff
remote connections.



MITM Attack: ARP Poisoning



Optional parameters



B |Sniff remote connections. |
□ Only poison one-way.



OK



Cancel



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Wireless Attacks



10. Depending on the network traffic, we will begin to see information.



« v * ettercap 0.7.4.1

Start Targets Hosts View Mitm Filters Logging Plugins Help




7587 mac vendor fingerprint

1766 tcp OS fingerprint

2183 known services

Randomizing 255 hosts for scanning...

Scanning the whole netmask for 255 hosts-:

hosts added to the hosts list...
Starting Unified sniffing...



ARP poisoning victims:

GROUP l : ANY (all the hosts in the list)

GROUP 2 : ANY (all the hosts in the list)



11. Once we have found what we are looking for (usernames and passwords). We will
turn off Ettercap. You can do this by either pressing Ctrl + E or by using the menu
and navigating to Start | Stop sniffing.



a v x ettercap 0.7.4.1

Start Targets Hosts View M
Start sniffing Ctrl+W
Stop sniffing Ctrl+E

Exit Ctrl+X



— 1 236 1

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Chapter 9

12. Now we need to turn off ARP poisoning and return the network to normal.




How it works...



This recipe included an MITM attack that works by using ARP packet poisoning to eavesdrop
on wireless communications transmitted by a user. We began the recipe by launching Ettercap
and scanning for our hosts. We then began the process of ARP poisoning the network. ARP
poisoning is a technique that allows you to send spoofed ARP messages to a victim on the
local network.

We concluded the recipe by starting the packet sniffer and demonstrated a way to stop ARP
poisoning and return the network back to normal. This step is key in the detection process as
it allows you to not leave the network down once you have stopped poisoning the network.

This process is useful for gathering information as it's being transmitted across the wireless
network. Depending on the traffic, you will be able to gather usernames, passwords, bank
account details, and other information your targets send across the network. This information
can also be used as a springboard for larger attacks.



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Where to buy this book



You can buy Kali Linux Cookbook from the Packt Publishing website:
http : //www. packtpub . com/kali -linux- cookbook/book.

Free shipping to the US, UK, Europe and selected Asian countries. For more information, please
read our shipping policy .

Alternatively, you can buy the book from Amazon, BN.com, Computer Manuals and
most internet book retailers.



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