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Spixiana.
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SPIXIANA
29
2
147-152
Miinchen, 01. Juli 2006
ISSN 0341-8391
Hisonotus candombe, a new species from the rio Uruguay basin
in the Repiiblica Oriental del Uruguay
(SiluriformeS/ Loricariidae, Otolhyrini)
Jorge R, Casciotta^ M. de las Mercedes Azpelicueta^ Adriana E. Almiron & Thomas Litz
Casdotta, J., M. de las M, Azpelicueta, A. Almiron & T. Litz (2006): Hisonotus
candombe, a new species from the rio Uruguay basin in the RepubHca Oriental del
Uruguay (Siluriformes, Loricariidae, Otothyrini). - Spixiana 29/2: 147-152
Hisonotus caiidojnbe, spec. nov. is described from arroyos Palomas and Catalan
Grande, rio Uruguay basin, in the RepubHca Orientcil del Uruguay, Hisonotus can-
dofube is distinguished by the following combination of characters: presence of
heaw serrae along complete posterior pectoral spine margin, presence of narrow
odontodes free area along anterior margin of snout, 5 anal-fin branched rays, lat-
eral line canal incomplete and discontinuous with an anterior field bearing 2-7
pores and posterior field with 8-19 pores.
Dr. Jorge R. Casciotta {investigador CIC), Dra. M. de las Mercedes Azpelicueta,
Dra. Adriana E. Almiron; Division Zoologia Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo
del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; e-mail: jrcas®museoicnyiTL, unlp.edu, ar
Dr. Thomas Litz, Krumpfhalde 47, D-88448 Attenweilcr, Germany; e-mail:
TCLitz@aol.com
Introduction
Since the original description oi Hisonotus by Eigen-
mann & Eigenmann (1889), many species of this
genus have been considered as species of the genera
Otocindus or Microlepidogaster. Subsequently, Schae-
fer (1998) redefined the genus Hisonotus based on
the absence of plates anterior to nostrils and the
presence of rostral plates with large odontodes and
proposed the inclusion of several species of Micro-
lepidogaster and Ofocindus within the genus Hisono-
tus.
In southern South America, about 13 species of
the genus were found in the rivers Paraguay, Parana,
Uruguay, and Rio de la Plata, and Los Patos System,
Only two of them are present in the Uruguay river
basin, H. ringueleti Aquino et al., 2001 and H. macu-
Upinnis (Regan, 1912).
The objective of the present contribution is the
description of a new species of Hisonotus from the
rio Uruguay basin in the Republica Oriental del
Uruguay,
Methods
Specimens were cleared and counterstained following
Taylor & Van Dyke (1985). Measurements were taken
as straight Hue distances using digital callipers follow-
ing Boeseman (1968). Counts include holotype and 11
para types; values of the holotype are indicated by an
asterisk, Vertebrae count includes those ones corre-
sponding to the Weberian apparatus and the caudal
centrum (CUl+PUl) as one element. Institutional ab-
breviations are as listed in Leviton et al (1985) with the
addition of Asociacion Ictiologica, La Plata, Argentina
(Al) and Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Repu-
blica, Montevideo, Republica Oriental del Uruguay
(ZVC-P).
Hisonotus candombe^ spec* nov.
Figs 1-3, Tab. 1
Types. Holotype: ZVC-P 5595, 29.9 mm SL, Republica
Oriental del Uruguay, Departamento Salto, rio Uruguay
basin, arroyo Palomas (3r04'43"S-57^37'26W). coll: P.
Laurino et aL, 17 March 2003. - Para types: ZSM 32062,
147
Fig, 1. Hisorwfus candombe, spec, no v. Holotype, 29.9 mm SL, Repiiblica Oriental del Uruguay, Departamento Salto, \
rlo Uruguay basin, arroyo Palomas, A. lateral view. B, dorsal view. i
3 ex., 23.4-27.4 mm SL, same collecting data as holotype,
AI 164, 1 ex., 27,2 mm SL, same collecting data as holo-
type. MHNG 2662.86, 2 ex. 26.0-26.3 mm SL, same col-
lecting data as holotype, AI 187, 4 ex., 22.8-30.0 mm SL,
Repiiblica Oriental del Uruguay, Departamento Artigas,
rio Uruguay basin, arroyo Catalan Grande (30''50'35"S
- 56°14'30"W), coll; P. Laurino et al„ 16 August, 2002.
Diagnosis. Hisonotus camiomhe, spec. nov. is diag-
nosed by the following combination of characters:
presence of heavy serrae along complete posterior
pectoral spine margin, presence of narrow odontode
free area along anterior margin of snout, 5 anal-fin
branched rays, lateral line canal incomplete and
discontinuous with an anterior field bearing 2-7 pores
and posterior field with 8-19 pores.
Description
Morphometries of holotype and 11 paratypes
are presented in Tab. I . Body slightly elongate, head
depressed (Fig. lA). Greatest body depth at dorsal
fin origin. Dorsal profile of head from snout tip to
orbital level slightly concave, straight over supraoc-
cipital. Snout tip rounded in dorsal \dew (Fig. IB).
Rostral median plate with notch. Naked area ante-
rior to anterior nares. Head slightly ^vider than trunk.
Eyes placed dorsolaterally, horizontal eye diameter
longer than suborbital depth and as large as nare
diameter. Iris diverticulum present, about one third
of pupil diameter. Three infraorbitals surrounding
orbit, fourth infraorbital expanded ventrally. Mar-
gins and surface of lips covered with papillae.
Maxillary barbels short. Jaw teeth bifid; teeth slender
with their major cusp slightly expanded and round-
ed tip, and a minor cusp pointed. Absence of acces-
sory teeth on premaxilla and dentary. One series of
teeth, 6-15 (mode 12) on premaxilla and 6-13 (mode 8)
on dentary. Pterotic-supracleithrum bearing open-
ings. The preopercular sensory canals directed to-
ward pterotic-supracleithrum.
Body covered by dermal plates except some
areas on ventral region. Abdominal area with two
series of lateral plates and some ones distributed in
middle region. Lateral and anterior rostral plates
reflected ventrally. Five lateral series of plates on
trunk. Plates of dorsal series continuous; mid-dorsal
series continuous and incomplete; median series
discontinuous and complete with 22-24 (mode 23^^);
mid -ventral series complete and continuous; ventral
148
I
series continuous and incomplete. Lateral line dis-
continuous with one gap^ anterior field with 2-7 (3*^
mode 6), and posterior field with 8-19 (IZ'^.mode 15)
pores. First lateral line plate small, second one placed
on rib of sixth vertebra. Anal fin preceded by 3 or 4
pairs of ventral plates and one unpair plate. Coracoid
and cleithrum exposed ventrally, excluded arrector
fossae area. Two pairs and one unpaired predorsal
plates.
Odontodes covering head^ trunk, and fin rays.
Head and trunk odontodes uniformely distributed.
Odontodes usually small on body and pelvic spines,
large ones on pectoral spine. A tuft of large odon-
todes at posterior supra occipital tip. Large odontodes
along anterior margin of snout biserially arranged,
dorsad and ventrad series separated by a naked
area.
Dorsal fin with one spine and 7'*' (one specimen
with 8) branched rays, its origin placed posterior to
vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Dorsal fin moved
posteriorly behind seventh vertebra. First dorsal-fin
proximal radial articulated with eighth vertebra.
Adipose fin absent. Pectoral fin with one spine bear-
ing heavy serrae along its posterior margin {Fig. 2),
and 5 to 6 branched rays (10* ex, with 5; 2 ex. with 6);
distal tip of pectoral fin surpassing more than 50 %
of pelvic-fin length. Pectoral-fin axillary slit present.
Pelvic fin with one spine and 5 branched rays, sur-
passing scarcely anal-fin origin in males. Presence
of small fleshy flap on pelvic fin in males. Anal fin
with one spine and 5 branched rays. Caudal fin with
fourteen branched rays.
Color in alcohol: Ground color of dorsum and
flanks of body pale brown, ventral surface of head
and trunk whitish. Narrow light stripe from snout
tip to eye and from eye to lateral tip of postemporo-
supracleithrum. Dorsum of body^ upper third of
flanks, and head light, with reddish brown dots.
A light area on each flanks extending from supraoc-
cipital margin to middle caudal peduncle. Dorsum
between last dorsal-fin ray insertion and base of
caudal-fin rays with a narrow whitish line. Head
with three whitish dots, one on tuft and remaining
ones on lateral posterior tip of postemporo-supra-
cleithrum. Also, a light dot on first dorsal spine.
Preopercle, opercle, and cleithrum whitish.
Pectoral, pelvic, anal^ and dorsal fins whitish,
with dots forming series of darker bands, somewhat
diffuse on pelvic fin. Caudal fin pale brown with
about 4 or 5 dark vertical stripes; light areas on 4 or
5 uppermost and 2 lowermost caudal-fin rays.
Color in life: ground color of dorsum and flanks
bright green, ventral surface of head and trunk pale
yellowish. Narrow light stripes from snout tip to eye
and from eye to lateral tip of postemporo-supraclei-
thrum. Dorsum of body, upper third of flanks, and
Fig, 2, Hisonotus candomhe, spec, nov. Pectoral spine
showing the serrae on the posterior margin of the spine
(x50X
head light, with dark reddish brow^n dots. Pectoral-
fin spine and externalmost caudal-fin rays stripped
with brown and whitish bands. Caudal fin brown
w4th about 4 or 5 dark vertical stripes; translucent
areas on upper and lower caudal-fin lobes.
Sexual dimorphism. Pelvic-fin spines of males
longer than that of females (18.3-21.7 vs. 16,4-18,0 %
SL; 7 females and 5 males). Distal tip of pelvic fins
surpassing anal-fin origin in males. Males with flap
Tab* 1, Morphometric data of the holotype and 11 para-
types of H^sonofiis ai^tioijik'. H. holotype.
H
Range
Mean
SD
Standard length (mui)
29.9
22.8-30.0
Percents of SL
Predorsal distance
43.5
42.7-48.2
45.3
1.71
Head length
34.8
34.8-38.2
36.8
1.15
Cleithral width
22.1
21.9-24.7
22.9
0.84
Dorsal-fin spine length
23.7
23,7-28.1
26.2
1.61
Irmik length
15.7
15.0-18.7
16.8
1.19
Pectoral-fln spine length
24,1
24.1-29.3
26.5
1.77
Pelvic-fin spine length
16.4
16.4-21.7
18.1
1.50
Abdominal length
20.1
19.5-23.5
21.3
1.29
Caudal peduncle length
33.4
29.3-34.0
31.9
1.50
Caudal peduncle depth
13.0
13.0-14.9
13.9
0.65
Head depth
16.4
16.4-19.7
17.7
1.06
Snout length
16.7
16.7-18.9
17.8
0.71
Horizontal eye diameter
5.7
5.4- 7.0
6.4
0.48
Interorbital width
13.4
12.5-14.8
13.8
0,68
?ercents of HL
Head depth
47.1
43.7-54.2
48.3
2.90
Snout length
48.1
45.0-51.8
48.3
1.94
Horizontal eye diameter
16.3
15.0-19.3
17.4
1.18
Interorbital width
38.5
34.0-41.1
37.4
1.83
Cleithral width
63.5
60.6-64.8
62.1
1.39
149
Fig. 3. Hiscvwfustnudombe spec, nov.; localities: l:arroyo
Palomas (type locality), 2: arroyo Catalan Grande; rio
Uruguay basin, Republica Oriental del Uruguay.
on first branched ray of pelvic fin. Abdominal region
of males naked, females with few plates on midline.
Genital papilla of males longer, slender and more
acute than that of females, Preanal region without
median plates in males.
Etymology. The specific epithet amdombe is a Spanish
word that refers to the African derived rhythm that was
popularized in the nineteenth century by black slaves
in the Republica Oriental del Uruguay.
Distribution and habitat. This species is known
from the arroyos Palomas, Departamento Salto, and
Catalan Grande, Departamento Artigas/both streams
belong to the rfo Uruguay basin {Fig. 3). The type
locality is a small, shallow creek with muddy soil
and clear, slow-flowing water {Fig. 4). Hbouotns
amdombe was only collected inbetween aquatic plants
as Luduyigia sp, and Pofamogehm sp., and on leaves
of terrestrial plants hanging into the water. Near the
place where specimens were collected other creeks
have rocky bottom, loose stones and rapid current
water. Moderate amounts of grass and other vegeta-
tion were present in the margins. The arroyo Catalan
Grande is a creek with regions of rapid and slow
flowing water, with loose stones, and gravel at the
bottom; dense vegetation is present in the margins.
Hisonotiis candornbe was collected here within Echi-
nodorus uruguaif crisis, densely growing on some
places.
The environmental variables in the arroyo Cata-
lan Grande were: air temperature 18-20 "^C; water
temperature 1L5-17''C; pH 7.2; conductivity 160-
200 pS/cm. In the arroyo Palomas, the same variables
measured were: air temperature 24 '^C; water tem-
perature 24 °C; pH 77; conductivity 300 pS/cm.
Behaviour in aquarium, Hisonotiis candornbe is re-
ported to behave just as most Hypoptopomatinae
species wich have been known in aquaria for many
years- It is a peacefull species that usually hangs on
Ecbinodorus sp., Sagittaria sp., or similar aquarium
plants. The bright green color of the body vanished
after about a half year changing to greyish brown.
Remarks. Six species of Hisonotiis have been de-
scribed from the southern area of the Rio de La
Plata basin and Lagoa dos Patos system, H. laevior,
H. h'ptochiius, H. mgricauda, R macuHpinnis, H. rin-
gueleti, and H. taimensis.
Hisonotiis candornbe is differentiated from all those
species, excluded H. ringueleti, in having an odontode
free area along the anterior margin of the snout
Also, H. candornbe differs from R taimensis, H. lepto-
chihis, and H. laevior by the lower number of lateral
plates (22-24 vs. 26-31 in H. tannensis and 28 plates
in H. leptochihis and H. laeznar).
Hisonotus candoudx' shares with H. ringueleti the
odontode free area along the anterior margin of the
snout and posterior margin of the pectoral spine
serrated. However, H. candornbe differs from H. rin-
gueleti in having larger pectoral spine serrae distrib-
uted all along the posterior margin. In H. ringueieti
the serrae are smaller and placed on distal two thirds
of posterior margin of pectoral spine, Hisonolns
candornbe has five branched anal-fin rays and males
with smaller flap on pelvic fin whereas H. ringueleti
bears 4 ana I -fin rays and a well developed flap.
Comparative material examined (SL in mm), Hisonotiis
sp. A: A! 171, 3 ex., 21.0-32.2 (C&S), Reptiblica Oriental
del Uruguay, Departamento Canelones, Rio de la Plata
basin, arroyo Tropa Vieja- Hisonotus candornbe sp. n.: AI
177, 1 ex., 29.7 (C&S), Republica Oriental del Uruguay,
Departamento Salto, rio Uruguay basin, arroyo Palo-
mas, Hisonohis nmcufipiimis (Regan, 1912): At 122, 1 ex.,
27,5 (C&S); Argentina, Corrientes province, rio Parana,
Ita Ibate. AI 123, 3 ex., 23.4-27.0, Argentina, Corrientes
province, rio Parana basin, Esteros del Ibera, Rincon del
Diablo, Laguna Yacare, Hisonotus nigyicauda (Bouleng-
150
Fig. 4. Arroyo Palomas, type locality of Hisonofus candomhe spec. nov.
er, 1891): AI 178, 6 ex., 30,0-38.0, Brazil Rio Grcnuie do
Sul, Sao Leopoldo, Yacui, rio dos Sinos. tiisonotus sp. B,
AT 120, 1 ex,, 23.3, Argentina, Misiones, rio Uruguay
basin, arroyo Oveja Negra. tiisiviolus sp, C: MHNG
2408.025, 10 ex., 17,8-29.0, Paraguay, route 2, arroyo
Pirayu. Hisonotns ringncleti Aquino, Schaefer & Miquel-
arena, 2001: Al 179, 1 ex., 36.4, Republica Oriental del
Uruguay, Departamento Artigas, rio Uruguay basin,
arroyo Lenguazo. H\/poptopoma inexspectatum (Holm-
berg, 1893): AI 119, lex., 35.0, Argentina, Corrientes
province^ rio Parana, Puerto Abra. Otocinclus flexilis
Cope, 1894: AI117, 2 ex., 36.0-36.5, Argentina, Entre Rios
province, arroyo Nancay. Otocinclns vestitus Cope,
1872: AI 118, 3 ex., 26.0-30.4, Argentina, Corrientes
province, rio Parana, Puerto Abra. Ofocuidiis viffatus
Regan, 1904: AI 121, 1 ex,, C&S, 27.0, Argentina, Corri-
entes province, rio Parana, Ita Ibate, AI 127, 1 ex., 26.2,
Argentina, Buenos Aires province, Rio de la Plata basin,
arroyo El Pescado. Epactionotus vfasi Aim iron, Azpeli-
cueta & Casciotta, 2004: MACN-ict 8649, 1 ex., 32.0,
Argentina, Misiones province, rio Iguazu basin, arroyo
Lobo. Epactioiwtns aky Azpelicueta, Casciotta, Almiron
& Korber, 2004: Al 124, liolotype, 30.5, Argentina, Mi-
siones province, rio Uruguay basin, Arroyo Garibaldi.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank C. Tremouilles (Museo de La Plata,
Argentina) for help with the drawings; S. Mtiller (Museu
d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, Suisse) for the loan of
material; G. Garcia (Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo,
Uruguay) and H. Britski (Museo de Zoologia, Sao Paulo,
Brasil) for gift of material; Comision de Investigaciones
Cientificas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC) for
permanent support to JRC, One author (TL) thanks
P. Laurino, E. Perujo, L Perujo, F. Prieto, J. Salvia and
H. Salvia, for company, hospitality, and friendship dur-
ing various collecting trips in Uruguay; Dr. H. Nion
(DINARA) for various discussions and for arranging
permissions.
References
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