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This report covers an investigation conducted to evaluate the desalination capability of TFC 1501 reverse osmosis elements when operated with feedwater the temperature of which is substantially above the maximum operating temperature (113 F) specified by the manufacturer. The results of the investigation indicate: (1) The elements were not degraded in desalinating capability following exposure for 400 h to feedwater at approximately 130 F; (2) the production rate of the elements dropped less than 5 percent following exposure for 400 h to water at approximately 130 F and 200 h at 130 F and 600 lb/sq in. (Author)Télécharger gratuit DTIC ADA121059: High-Temperature Desalination Capability of TFC 1501 Reverse Osmosis Element. pdf
AD-R121 059 HIGH-TEMPERATURE DESALINATION
REVERSE OSMOSIS ELEMENT<U> HRMV MOBILITY EQUIPMENT
RESEARCH RND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND FORT. . H H GOTO
UNCLASSIFIED JUL 82 MERADC0M-22E7 F/G 12/2 NL
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US
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MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963-A
*
Report 2367
HIGH-TEMPERATURE DESALINATION CAPABILITY OF
TFC 1501 REVERSE OSMOSIS ELEMENT
by
Haruhiro H. Goto
July 1982
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
U.S. ARMY MOBILITY EQUIPMENT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND
FORT BELVOIR, VIRGINIA
02 li 04 003
Destroy this report when it is no longer needed.
Do not return it to the originator.
The citation in this report of trade names of
commercially available products does not constitute
official endorsement or approval of the use of such
products.
UNCLASSIFIED
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whan Data Entered)
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
READ INSTRUCTIONS
BEFORE COMPLETING FORM
1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO.
2367 AD'flizJ o SI
3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NUMBER
«. TITLE (And Subtitle)
HIGH-TEMPERATURE DESALINATION CAPABILITY OF
TFC 1501 REVERSE OSMOSIS ELEMENT
5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED
Final Technical Report
6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER
7. AUTHORO)
Haruhiro H. Goto
8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERf*.)
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Petroleum & Environmental Technology Division; Energy
and Water Resources Laboratory; MERADCOM;
Fort Belvoir, VA 22060
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK
AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS
Project: 1F464717DL39
11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS
US Army Mobility Equipment Research & Development
Command; ATTN: DRDME-GS;
Fort Belvoir, VA 22060
12. REPORT DATE
July 1982
13. NUMBER OF PAGES
36
14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS^// dl Iterant from Controlling Office)
15. SECURITY CLASS, (ot thle report)
Unclassified
15a. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWN GRADING
SCHEDULE
16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thle Report)
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abetrect entered In Block 20, If different from Report)
IB. supplementary NOTES
t9. KEY WORDS (Continue on rereree aide If neceeeary mnd Identify by block number)
Reverse Osmosis
Desalination
Water Treatment
Potable Water
2Q. ABSTRACT (Carrttoue me rereree ettlu U rrecoeeery mod Identity by block number)
This report covers an investigation conducted to evaluate the desalination capability of
TFC 1501 reverse osmosis elements when operated with feedwater the temperature of
which is substantially above the'maximum operating temperature (1I3*F) specified by the
manufacturer. The results of the investigation indicate: (1) The elements were not degraded
in desalinating capability following exposure for 400 h to feedwater at approximately
I30°F; (2) the production rate of the elements dropped less than 5 percent following
exposure for 400 h to water at approximately I30°F and 200 h at 130°F and 600 Ib/in.^i
DO ,Er„ 1473 EDITION OF » NOV SS IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED
I
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE fFIwi Date Entered)
PREFACE
An investigation was conducted to determine the desalination capability of spiral-wound,
thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (R()) elements operated on high-temperature (130°F)
saline water. The elements tested were manufactured l»v liOP. Inc., and were designated TFC
1501. These elements are currently being used in the standard military 600-gal/h reverse
osmosis water purification unit (ROWPU|. The investigation was conducted under Project
IF464717DL39. “(General Support Equipment." during March 1982.
The investigation was conducted by the following personnel of the Petroleum and En¬
vironmental Technology Division. Energy and Water Resources Laboratory: Haruhiro II.
Goto. Chemical Engineer; Peder B. Pederson. Engineering Technician: and Janet O. Hall.
Chemist.
CONTENTS
Section Title Page
PREFACE iii
ILLUSTRATIONS v
TABLES vi
METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS vii
J
I INTRODUCTION
1. Objective 1
2. Background 1
’' II INVESTIGATION
3. Equipment I
4. Procedure 6
| III RESULTS
■ 5. Test Data 10
IV DISCUSSION
6. General 10
7. Element Performance 10
V CONCLUSIONS
8. Conclusions 14
APPENDIX - TEST DATA 15
JV
ILLUSTRATIONS
Title
Standard Military 600-gal/h ROWPU
Equipment Layout
High-Pressure Pump
Temperature Control Arrangement
Beckman Conductivity Monitor
Concentration vs. Conductivity
Performance of Two TFC 1501 Elements in Series, Cumulative
Operation (h)
TABLES
Table Title Page
1 Chemical Analysis ?
2 Selected Reverse Osmosis Test
3 Performance Comparison
4 Element Performance 13
METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS
Approximate Conversions to Metric Measures
Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol
LENGTH
in.
inches
2.5
centimeters
cm
B
ft
feet
30
centimeters
cm
t. ■
yd
yards
0.9
meters
m
mi
miles
1.6
kilometers
km
• . AREA
in. 2 square inches 6.5 square centimeters cm 2
ft 2 square feet 0.09 square meters m 2
yd 2 square yards 0.8 square meters m 2
mi 2 square miles 2.6 square kilometers km 2
acres 0.4 hectares ha
[ MASS (weight)
! oz
ounces
28
grams
g
lb
pounds
0.45
kilograms
kg
short tons
0.9
metnc ton
t
1
(2000 lb)
_ VOLUME
1 tsp
teaspoons
5
milliliters
ml
tbsp
tablespoons
15
milliliters
ml
in. 3
cubic inches
16
milliliters
ml
fl oz
fluid ounces
30
milliliters
ml
: c
cups
0.24
liters
1
i pt
pints
0.47
liters
1
1 qt
quarts
0.95
liters
1
gal
gallons
3.8
liters
1
ft 3
cubic feet
0.03
cubic meters
m 3
yd 3
cubic yards
0.76
cubic meters
m 3
TEMPERATURE (exact)
°F
degrees
5.9 (after
degrees
°C
■
Fahrenheit
subtracting
Celsius
32)
VI)
Approximate Conversions
from Metric Measures
Symbol
When You Know
Multiply by
To Find
Symbol
LENGTH
mm
millimeters
0.04
inches
in.
cm
centimeters
0.4
inches
in.
m
meters
3.3
feet
tt
m
meters
1.1
yards
yd
km
kilometers
0.6
miles
mi
AREA
cm 2
square centimeters
0.16
square inches
in. 2
m 2
square meters
1.2
square yards
yd 2
km 2
square kilometers
0.4
square miles
mi 2
ha
hectares
2.5
acres
(10,000 m 2 )
MASS (weight)
g
kg
t
grams
kilograms
metric ton
(1000 kg)
0.035
2.2
1.1
ounces
pounds
short tons
oz
lb
VOLUME
ml
milliliters
0.03
fluid ounces
fl oz
ml
milliliters
0.06
cubic inches
in. 3
1
liters
2.1
pints
Pt
1
liters
1.06
quarts
qt
1
liters
0.26
gallons
gal
m 3
cubic meters
35
cubic feet
ft 3
m 3
cubic meters
1.3
cubic yards
yd 3
TEMPERATURE (exact)
9/5 (then degrees
add 32) Fahrenheit
C
degrees
Celsius
F
c
I
p
HIGH-TEMPERATURE DESALINATION CAPABILITY OF
TFC 1501 REVERSE OSMOSIS ELEMENT
I. INTRODUCTION
1. Objective. The objective of this investigation was to determine the performance
characteristics of reverse osmosis elements (TFC 1501) in an arid region where feedwater
temperatui could be substantially above the maximum design temperature. These elements
are currently being used in the standard military 600-gal/h reverse osmosis water purification
units.
2. Background. The investigation covered by this report was conducted as a part
of the developmental program for the Army reverse osmosis water purification units. The re¬
quired operational capability (ROC) for a Family of Water Supply Equipment was approved
by Department of the Army on 4 March 1974. The Family of Water Supply Equipment w as in¬
tended to produce potable water from fresh, brackish, and sea water sources and from water
which may be contaminated with nuclear, biological, ami chemical (NBC) agents. The family
consists of RO units having three different production capacities. The 600-gal/h ROWPU was
type-classified on 1 June 1979. The Petroleum and Environmental Technology Division was
tasked to develop two larger units; i.e., 3000-gal/h and 1500-gal/h. The TFC 1501 element con¬
tains a poly (ether/urea) thin-film semipermeabie membrane barrier capable of demineralizing
saline water. The production rate of TFC 1501 is highly sensitive to the feedw ater temperature.
Since the family of equipment must be capable of safe and reliable use in all areas of the
world in climatic categories 1,2,5 and 6, as prescribed in Army Regulation 70-38. the R<)
elements must be capable of handling feedwater having a wide range of temperatures. Figure 1
shows a front view of the 600-gal/h ROWPU and an operator holding a TFC 1501 element.
The study was performed at Building 325. Fort Belvoir. Virginia, during March 1982.
II. INVESTIGATION
3. Equipment. Overall arrangement of the test equipment is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 3 shows the high-pressure pump, located outside Building 325 to reduce the noise level.
Figure 4 gives the temperature control scheme of the lest system. The RO test system, assembled
in accordance with the American Society for Testing Materiels (ASTM) standard test method
(D3736-79), consisted of the following components;
1
V
booster pump; (B) pressure vessel; (C) turbine flowmeter; (D) conductivity monitor; (E) feedwater tank,
cartridge filter.
Temperature control arrangement:
a. One 350-gal polyethylene tank.
h. One 10-hp ehiller to remove excess heat from feedwater.
e. One stainless steel heat exchanger.
d. Two immersion heaters.
e. One 6 FMO Filterite cartridge filter with 5-fim filler tubes.
f. One 2020 Oat triplex positive displacement high-pressure pump. The pump capacity
is 20 gal/min at 800 Ib/in. 2 .
g. A 66-FRP-Z 6-in. Seawater FRR pressure tube assembly provides a housing for
.wo TFC 1501 6-in.-diameter RO elements.
h. One 7076 Leeds and Northrup multi-range eonduetivitv monitor to monitor the.
conductivity of permeate continuously.
i. One rotomcter ami one turbine flowmeter to monitor the |>roduet flow rate.
j. Two direct-reading differential pressure flowmeters to monitor the feed and
brine flow rates.
k. Two liquid-filled Marsh pressure gauges to monitor the inlet and outlet pressures
of the pressure vessel.
l. Two AMTKK pressure transducers with a digital readout monitor to monitor the
suction and outlet pressures of the high-pressure pump.
in. Two \ SI Tele-Thermometers to monitor the tenqieratiire of feedwater and
cooling water.
n. Hose assemblies including necessary fittings and valves to complete the test system.
4. Procedure. The test water was prepared by the addition of evaporated sea salt
|W percent Nat.lt to Potomac River water which had been clarified by passage through a
pressure diatomaccoiis earth filter. The total dissolved solids (TI)S) of the clarified Potomac
Riy er water was brought to approximately 160 mg/1. Analysis of Potomac River water is given
in Table I. Distilled water was added during the study to maintain the water level. The quality
of feedwater was maintained by returning the brine and permeate to the feedwater tank, and
the TDS for the feedwater was maintained at approximately 26.000 mg/I.
Table 1. Chemical Analysis (14 May 1982)
Characteristic
Potomac
River
Feed
Permeate
Brine
PH
7.8
7.6
5.6
7.8
Turbidity (NTU)
3.3
0.3
0.06
0.23
TDS (mg/1)
160
26,186
2,069
31.735
Chlorides (mg/1)
20
15,500
1.230
17.500
Cu (mg/1)
<0.01
0.20
<0.01
0.26
Fe (mg/1)
<0.01
0.10
0.05
0.12
* The RO elements (serial numbers 78690 ami 78761) produced by UOP. Inc.,
were operated initially at 700 lb/in. J g applied pressure and room temperature. As the feed-
water temperature was increased to 130°F. the pressure w as lowered to 600 lb/in. 2 g so that the
designed production rate of 1.5 gal/min/element would not be exceeded.
The temperature of the feedwater was controlled by a 10-hp Koolant chiller
model AF10000. The unit is capable of removing 110.000 Btu of thermal energy in an hour.
The cooling water was circulated through the shell side of the stainless steel heat exchanger,
while the brine from the pressure vessel was fed into the tube side. Two 3000-W RTC quartz
heaters were installed on the feedwater holding tank to raise the feedwater temperature at the
beginning of the test.
On the average, the elements were operated for 10 to 12 h/d. For the remainder
of the time, the high-temperature feedwater was circulated through the test system by the
booster pump. The continuous recirculation was required to maintain the feedwater
temperature. As a result, the elements were exposed to the high-temperature feedwater for over
400 h.
The following data were collected houily during a 200-h high-temperature/high-
pressure test period: Applied pressure, product flow rate, brine flow rate, conductivity of feed-
water. and conductivity of permeate. The eondurtivitv measurements were made by a
Beckman Conductivity Bridge. Model RC 16B (Figure 5). The conductivity readings were
calibrated at two temperatures (77° F ami 130°F). The calibration curves are presented in
Figure 6, and the curves are found to lie linear up to TDS of 20.000 mg/1.
III. RESULTS
5. Test Data. The results of this investigation are summarized in Tables 1 and 2.
The 200-h high-temperature/high-pressure test data are given in the Appendix.
IV. DISCUSSION
6. General. The two TEC 1501 RO elements were operated for 200 h. As indicated
in Figure 7. the elements were operated at an applied pressure of 700 lh/in. 2 for 7 h initially.
As the production rate increased with the increase in feed temperature, the operating pressure
was lowered to 600 lh/in. 2 so that the design production rate was maintained. Following the 8
h and 20 min of operation, the feedwater temperature exceeded the maximum design
temperature of 113°F. The elements continued to produce at the design production rate (4400
gal/d for two TFC 1501 elements) at elevated temperature (130°F) and a reduced pressure (600
lb/in. 2 ). The recovery rate for the two elements was 14.5 percent of the feedwater rate.
7. Element Performance. As shown in Figure 7. the feedwater temperature rose steadily,
surpassing the maximum recommended temperature at the 9-h mark, until it was raised to
129° F. Except for minor variations due to the system limitations, the feedwater temperature
was maintained at 1.30° F for the remainder of the test. Table .3 shows the performance com¬
parison of TFC 1501 elements prior to exceeding the designed feedwater temperature and
following the completion of the 200-h high-temperature/high-pressure operation.
As observed in Table 2 and Figure 7. the salt rejection was much higher at higher
pressure and lower tenqrerature. This is probably due to the increase in the feedwater
temperature, which then increased the >alt diffusivity of the TFC membrane. Since the water
permeation through the membrane is directly proportional to the pressure difference between
the applied pressure and the osmotic pressure of the feedwater, the production rate decreased
as the feed pressure was reduced at the 7-h mark. Although the element (serial number 78690)
had been slightly telescoped during the high-temperature testing, the subsequent examination
of the element at room temjierature showed no drop in the desalination capability.
Table 4 shows the results of element performance evaluation conducted following the
high-temperature testing. The percent rejections shown in Table 4 are a percent higher than the
values given in the Appendix. In the Appendix, percent rejections were calculated using the
conductivity readings directly. Although this method is given in the ASTM standard test pro¬
cedure. more accurate values can be found by avoiding the non-linear region in the conductivi¬
ty vs. concentration correlation curve.
10
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Figure 7. Performance of two TFC 1501 elements in series, cumulative operation (h).
V. CONCLUSIONS
«
i
I
8. Conclusions. It is concluded that:
a. The desalination capability of TFC 1501 elements operated at normal temperatures
(80° F to 83° F) does not decrease following 200 h of high-temperature/high-pressure operation
and 400 h of exposure to high-temperature brine {130° F).
b. The high-temperature operation (130°F) affects the production rate of the
TFC 1501 elements more than the desalination capability. However, with a drop in production
rate of less than 5 percent, this drop can be comj>ensaled for by operation at a higher pressure
up to 1000 lb/in. 2 .
c. Although some telescoping of the elements can be expected during the high-
temperature operations, the performance eharaeteristies of the elements will not be degraded.
d. The percent rejection of the TFC 1501 elements is 3 to 5 percent lower when
operated on a high-temperature feed (130°F).
14
APPENDIX
TEST DATA
15
Knt‘rx‘ Osmosis Tn Data
Date
limed)
(simulative
Operation
<li)
Kee< 1
Temp
l°K|
Feed
Pressure
(lli/iii. 2 )
Urine
Flow Kate
(“al/minl
Produet
Flow Rate
(eal/min) |fjal/d)
Feed
(sinduetivity
(/imho)
Pruduet
Conductivity
l/iinhol
Rejection
(tfl
3-17
1.0
80
700
17.8
2.8
4.032
41.000
1.200
97.1
:i-I7
2.0
82
700
17.8
2.8
4.032
41.000
1,200
97.1
:M7
3.0
84
700
17.8
2.8
4.032
41.000
1.200
97.1
3-17
4.0
84
697
17.8
2.8
4.032
41.000
1.190
97.1
3-17
5.0
84
705
17.7
2.9
4.176
41.000
1.140
97.2
3-17
5.8
90
706
17.6
2.9
4.176
41.000*
1.180*
97.1
3-17
6.0
92
702
17.5
3.0
4.320
41.000*
1.300*
96.8
3-17
7.0
100
693
17.3
3.4
4.896
41.000*
1.600*
96.1
3-17
8.0
110
586
17.8
2.9
4.176
41.000*
2.150*
94.8
3-17
9.3
119
580
17.7
3.1
4.464
41.000*
2.400*
94.1
3-17
10.0
123
575
17.6
3.1
4.464
41.000*
2.350*
94.3
3-17
11.0
129
568
17.6
3.0
4.320
11.000*
2.400*
94.1
3-18
II .0
124
703
16.7
4.1
5.904
48.000*
1.820*
96.2
3-18
12.0
124
700
16.7
4.1
5.904
48.000*
1.850*
96.1
3-18
13.0
124
695
16.7
4.0
5.760
18.000*
1.870*
96.1
3-18
13.5
124
603
17.6
3.2
4.608
48.000*
2.250*
95.3
3-18
15.0
128
598
17.5
3.2
4.608
66.000
3.100
95.3
3-18
16.0
128
598
17.5
3.2
4.608
62.000
2.600
95.8
3-18
17.0
129
602
17.6
3.2
4.608
64.000
2.600
95.9
3-18
18.0
129
604
17.7
3.2
4.608
58.000
3.000
94.8
3-18
19.0
129
605
17.7
3.2
4.608
56.000
3.200
94.3
3-18
20.0
129
604
17.8
3.2
4.608
60.000
3.000
95.0
3-18
21.0
129
605
17.6
3.2
4.608
60.000
3.000
95.0
3-18
22.1
130
60.3
17.6
3.1
4.164
60.000
2.750
95.4
3-18
23.0
130
595
17.6
3.0
4.320
54.000
2.700
95.0
3-1')
23.0
124
596
17.7
2.9
4.176
60.000
3.000
95.0
3-1')
21.0
126
593
17.6
3.0
4.320
58.000
3.100
94.7
3-l<)
25.0
129
594
17.7
3.2
1.608
60.000
3.100
94.8
3-1')
26.0
1.30
597
17.6
3.2
4.608
60.000
3.100
94.8
3-IV
27.0
130
604
17.6
3.2
4.608
59.000
3.000
94.9
3-1')
28.0
129
606
17.6
3.2
1.608
53.000
2.870
91.6
3-1')
29.0
130
606
17.6
3.2
1.608
54.000
2.800
91.8
3-1')
30.0
130
605
17.7
3.2
1.608
54.000
2.850
94.7
Reverse Osmosis Test Data ((.ontd)
Dale
(lllll-ll)
(aiiiiulalive
()|ierati<m
III)
Feed
Temp
l°F>
Feed
Pressure
|ll»/in. 2 )
Brine
Flow Kale
(eal/niin)
Prndliet
Flow Kale
|»al/iniii) l"al/d)
Feed
(inndnetiv it\
l/nnlin)
Prnduel
(lnudiielivit\
(/imho)
Rejeetion
< r 4>
3-10
3l.o
130
606
17.6
3.2
1.608
51.000
3.000
01.1
3-10
.'{2.0
1.30
607
17.7
3.2
1.608
5.3.000
3.100
01.2
3-10
33.0
130
601
17.7
3.1
1.16 1
61.000
2.000
05.2
3-10
:u.o
130
608
17.7
3.1 '
1.161
61.000
3.200
01.8
3-10
35.0
1.30
506
17.6
3.1
1.161
55.000
2.800
01.0
.5-211
35.0
125
50.3
17.8
2.0
1.176
60.000
3.1O0
01.3
.{-20
.'{6.0
126
606
17.8
3.1
1.161
56.000
3.000
04.6
.{-20
.'{7.0
128
602
17.8
3.1
1.161
56.000
3.200
01.3
.{-20
.'{8.0
120
602
17.7
3.2
1.608
58.000
2.800
05.2
:{-20
30.0
130
602
17.7
3.1
1.161
61.000
3.300
01,6
.{-20
10.0
120
600
17.6
3.1
1.161
56.000
3.300
04.1
.{-20
11.0
120
603
17.6
3.1
1.164
56.000
3.250
01.2
.'{-20
12.0
130
603
17.6
3.1
4.164
62.000
2.850
05.1
.'{-20
13.0
120
505
17.6
3.0
4.320
64.000
3.100
05.2
.'{-20
11.0
130
603
17.6
3.1
4.464
63.000
2.000
05.1
.'{-20
15.3
120
601
17.6
3.1
4.161
63.000
2.000
05.4
.'{-20
16.0
120
601
17.6
3.1
4.464
56.000
2.880
01.0
:{-20
17.0
120
600
17.6
3.0
1.320
56.000
2.870
04.0
.'{-21
17.0
121
508
17.7
2.0
4.176
55.000
3.400
03.8
.{-21
18.0
126
501
17.8
2.0
1.176
62.000
3.000
05.2
:{-2i
10.0
127
600
17.7
3.0
1.320
63.000
3.150
01.5
.'{-21
50.0
120
600
17.6
3.0
4.320
65.000
3.500
01.6
.'{-21
51.0
130
601
17.6
3.0
4.320
61.000
3.600
01.1
.'{-21
52.0
130
501
17.7
3.0
4.320
65.000
3.300
04.0
.'{-21
53.0
130
600
17.7
.3.0
4.320
66.000
3.500
04.7
.'{-21
51.0
120
600
17.8
3.0
1.320
61.000
3.000
05.1
.'{-21
55.0
130
601
17.8
3.0
4.320
63.000
3.100
01.6
.'{-21
56.0
131
600
17.7
3.0
1.320
61.000
3.200
05.0
.'{-21
57.0
130
507
17.7
2.0
1.176
67.000
3.600
01.6
.'{-22
57.0
120
508
17.8
2.8
1.032
62.000
3.100
04.5
.'{-22
58.0
120
507
17.8
2.0
1.176
50.000
3.000
01.0
.'{-22
50.0
120
601
17.8
3.0
1.320
54.000
2.800
01.8
17
1
Reverse Osmosis Test Data (Cont’d)
(
|
i
%
i
Date
(lined)
Cumulative
(Iperatinn
(h)
Feed
Temp
(°F>
Feed
Pressure
(lli/in. 2 )
Brine
Flow Rate
(»al/min)
Produet
Flow Rate
(ual/min) (gal/d)
Feed
Conductivity
(/imho)
Produet
Conduetivity
(/imho)
Rejection
<%)
3-22
60.0
122
615
17.7
3.2
4.608
56.000
3.000
94.6
3-22
61.0
124
605
17.7
.3.0
4.320
58.000
2.800
95.2
3-22
62.0
125
600
17.7
3.0
4.320
60.000
3.000
95.0
3-22
63.0
127
595
17.6
3.0
4.320
59.<KK)
.3.300
94.4
3-22
64.0
128
599
17.6
3.1
4.464
58.000
3.600
93.8
3-22
65.0
130
593
17.5
3.1
4.464
67.(HH)
3.550
94.7
3-22
66.0
130
594
17.5
3.1
4.464
64.000
4.000
93.8
3-22
67.0
130
599
17.6
3.1
4.464
66.000
4.100
93.8
3-22
68.0
130
602
17.5
3.0
4.320
65.000
3.650
94.4
3-22
69.0
130
606
17.6
3.0
4.320
63.000
3.7(H)
94.1
3-23
69.0
123
608
17.8
2.9
4.176
58,000
3.800
93.4
3-23
70.0
124
603
17.8
3.0
4.320
56.000
3.600
93.6
3-23
71.0
127
602
17.7
3.0
4.320
58.000
3.0(H)
94.8
3-23
72.4
128
599
17.7
3.0
4.320
60.000
3.5(H)
94.2
3-23
73.0
130
600
17.7
3.1
4.464
60.000
3.0(H)
95.0
3-23
74.0
127
601
17.8
3.0
4.320
56.000
3.2(H)
94.3
3-23
75.0
129
600
17.8
3.0
4.320
58.000
3.6(H)
93.8
3-23
76.0
130
599
17.8
3.0
4.320
60.000
3.2(H)
94.7
3-23
77.0
1.30
598
17.8
.3.0
4.320
60.000
3.400
94.3
3-23
78.0
131
600
17.7
3.0
4.320
60.000
3.500
94.2
3-23
79.0
130
607
17.7
3.0
4.320
59.000
3.300
94.4
3-23
80.0
129
595
17.8
2.9
4.176
58.000
3.300
94.3
3-23
81.0
130
593
17.8
2.9
4.176
66.000
3.7(H)
94 f
3-23
82.0
130
599
17.8
2.9
4.176
57.000
3.750
94. i
3-21
82.0
115
599
18.3
2.4
3.456
54.000
3.000
94.4
3-24
83.0
116
618
18.1
2.6
3.744
52.000
2.5(H)
93.4
3-21
84.0
117
612
18.0
2.6
3.744
56.000
3.IHH)
94.4
3-24
85.5
119
609
17.2
2.7
3.888
58.000
3.5(H)
95.2
3-24
86.5
123
609
17.2
2.8
4.032
63.000
3.4(H)
94.6
3-24
87.5
126
607
17.7
2.9
4.176
60.000
3.4(H)
94.0
3-24
88.5
129
612
17.4
2.9
4.176
62.000
3.4(H)
94.6
3-24
89.5
130
609
17.4
2.9
4.176
60.000
3.6(H)
94.3
3-21
90.5
131
607
17.4
2.9
4.176
60.000
4.0(H)
93.3
i
i
18
t
Reverse Osmosis Test Data (Cont'd)
(liiiimlali v«*
Feed
Feed
Brine
l*ri >dnel
Feed
I'roduel
(Iperatinn
Temp
I’ressiire
Flow Kale
Flow Kate
('.ondiielix it \
( omliietiv it\
III)
(°Kl
(lli/in.'l
("al/miio
|»al/inin) (eal/d)
|/iiidio)
(/tmlmi
60.000
58.000
66.000
62.000
.'> 1.000
> 0.000
5 1.000
51.000
56.000
60.000
6H.0OO
60.000
66.000
61.000
62.000
58.000
62.000
62.000
56.1 MM>
.'>6.(MMI
57.000
58.000
. > 8.000
60.000
62.000
62.000
60.000
62.000
65.000
65.000
65.000
68.000
Keverse Osmosis Test Data (donf'd)
(liimulative
Foil Feed
Brine
Product
Feed
Product
1 )alt‘
< >|»Talioii
Temp Pressure
Flow Kate
Flow Kate
(loiidiielix it\
(londueliv it\ Kejeetioli
|i»o-d|
llil
(°F> |ll>/in.*)
(eai/iui»)
<<ial/niin) (eai/d)
f/unho)
l/4iulio| [ r /i 1
.> 8.000
•> 8.000
(>">.000
(>4.000
(>(>.000
(> 6.000
(> 8.000
6.4.000
63.000
60.000
61.000
58.000
58.000
58.000
61.000
64.000
60.000
64.000
55.000
56.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
61.000
61.000
i
Reverse Osmosis Test Data ((Mint'd)
Date
Inio-d)
(simulative
(Iteration
do
Feed
Temp
1° F)
Feed
Pressure
(Ib/iii.*)
Brine
Flow Rale
(•ral/min)
Produet
Flow Rate
(uaPmin) (gal/d)
F’eed
(Conductivity
l/dtiho)
Produet
(Conductivitv
(/unlin)
Rejection
P7r|
. 1-29
119.5
131
592
17.6
2.7
3.888
65.000
1.300
93.1
3-29
130.0
132
593
17.6
2.7
3.888
58.000
1.800
91.7
3-30
150.0
121
598
18.0
2.6
3.711
56.000
1.800
91.1
8-30
151.0
126
595
18.0
2.6
3.711
57.000
1.100
92.2
3-30
152.0
126
601
17.9
2.7
3.888
56.000
1.100
92.1
3-30
153.0
128
611
17.9
2.8
1.032
56.000
1.200
92.5
3-30
151.0
130
601
17.7
2.8
1.032
60.000
1.500
92.5
3-30
155.0
130
602
17.7
2.7
3.888
60.000
1.300
92.8
3-30
156.0
128
601
17.7
2.7
3.888
60.000
1.100
93.2
3-30
157.0
130
596
17.7
2.7
3.888
60.000
1 . 2 ( H )
93.0
3-30
158.0
131
609
17.7
2.8
1.032
60.000
1 . 2 ( H )
93.0
3-30
159.0
131
593
17.6
2.7
3.888
60.000
1 . 3 ( H )
92.8
3-30
160.0
130
613
17.8
2.8
1.032
60.000
1 . 1 ( H )
93.2
3-30
161.0
130
609
17.8
2.7
3.888
61.000
1 . 5 ( H )
93.0
3-30
162.0
130
605
17.8
2.7
3.888
63.000
1 . 1 ( H )
93.5
3-31
162.0
122
605
18.0
2.7
3.888
59.000
5 .( HH )
91.5
3-31
163.0
121
606
18.0
2.6
3.711
60.000
5 . 1 ( H )
91.5
3-31
161.0
126
605
18.0
2.6
3.711
60.000
1.800
92.0
3-31
165.0
128
602
18.0
2.7
3.888
60.000
1 . 1 ( H )
92.7
3-31
166.0
130
600
18.0
2.7
3.888
61.000
1 . 1 ( H )
92.8
3-31
167.0
129
603
18.0
2.7
3.888
61.000
1 . 1 ( H )
92.8
3-31
168.0
129
600
18.0
2.6
3.711
62.000
1 . 5 ( H )
92.7
3-31
169.0
128
600
18.0
2.6
3.711
60.000
1 . 6 ( H )
92.3
3-31
170.0
129
611
17.9
2.7
3.888
60.000
l .( HH )
93.3
3-3 1
171.0
130
613
17.7
2.8
1.032
60.000
1 . 0 ( H )
93.3
3-31
172.0
130
601
17.7
2.8
1.032
58.000
1.300
92.6
3-31
173.0
130
fit 18
17.7
2.8
1 . 0.32
60.000
1 . 5 ( H )
92.5
H
173.0
121
61 1
17.7
2.8
1.032
51.000
5.000
90.7
H
171.0
126
61 1
17.8
2.8
1.032
51.000
1 . 2 ( H )
92.2
21
Rwrsf Osmosis Test Data (( lont'ii)
Date
(m<e<l|
( aim it la t i \ e
< )|ieration
III)
Feed
Teilifi
<°F>
Feed
Pressure
(lli/in.-/
Urine
Flow Kate
l^al/iiiint
1‘rodmi
Flow Kale
I»al6nin) t <ral/«l>
Feed
( i)iidmH\it\
I’rnduet
(:<iiidii<ii\ it %
l/Ollllll)
Kejeetion
' Ci L
M
17.1.0
128
600
17.7
2.8
5.0.42
.7 5.000
5. 500
61.0
H
176.0
120
00.7
17.7
2.8
1.0.52
.70.1« Ml
1.400
62.4
H
177.0
l.'50
600
17.8
2.6
5.170
.76.000
5.600
61.8
5-1
178.0
K50
60.7
17.7
2.8
5.0.52
02.000
.7.000
61.6
5-1
170.0
1.50
608
17.7
2.8
5.042
.78.000
5.800
61
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