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AD-R121 059 HIGH-TEMPERATURE DESALINATION

REVERSE OSMOSIS ELEMENT<U> HRMV MOBILITY EQUIPMENT
RESEARCH RND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND FORT. . H H GOTO
UNCLASSIFIED JUL 82 MERADC0M-22E7 F/G 12/2 NL























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MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963-A


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Report 2367


HIGH-TEMPERATURE DESALINATION CAPABILITY OF
TFC 1501 REVERSE OSMOSIS ELEMENT


by

Haruhiro H. Goto


July 1982





Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.


U.S. ARMY MOBILITY EQUIPMENT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND
FORT BELVOIR, VIRGINIA


02 li 04 003





























Destroy this report when it is no longer needed.

Do not return it to the originator.

The citation in this report of trade names of
commercially available products does not constitute
official endorsement or approval of the use of such
products.










UNCLASSIFIED


SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whan Data Entered)


REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

READ INSTRUCTIONS

BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO.

2367 AD'flizJ o SI

3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NUMBER

«. TITLE (And Subtitle)

HIGH-TEMPERATURE DESALINATION CAPABILITY OF
TFC 1501 REVERSE OSMOSIS ELEMENT

5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

Final Technical Report

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHORO)

Haruhiro H. Goto

8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERf*.)

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

Petroleum & Environmental Technology Division; Energy
and Water Resources Laboratory; MERADCOM;

Fort Belvoir, VA 22060

10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK
AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

Project: 1F464717DL39

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS

US Army Mobility Equipment Research & Development
Command; ATTN: DRDME-GS;

Fort Belvoir, VA 22060

12. REPORT DATE

July 1982

13. NUMBER OF PAGES

36

14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS^// dl Iterant from Controlling Office)

15. SECURITY CLASS, (ot thle report)

Unclassified

15a. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWN GRADING
SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thle Report)

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abetrect entered In Block 20, If different from Report)

IB. supplementary NOTES

t9. KEY WORDS (Continue on rereree aide If neceeeary mnd Identify by block number)

Reverse Osmosis

Desalination

Water Treatment

Potable Water

2Q. ABSTRACT (Carrttoue me rereree ettlu U rrecoeeery mod Identity by block number)

This report covers an investigation conducted to evaluate the desalination capability of

TFC 1501 reverse osmosis elements when operated with feedwater the temperature of
which is substantially above the'maximum operating temperature (1I3*F) specified by the
manufacturer. The results of the investigation indicate: (1) The elements were not degraded
in desalinating capability following exposure for 400 h to feedwater at approximately

I30°F; (2) the production rate of the elements dropped less than 5 percent following
exposure for 400 h to water at approximately I30°F and 200 h at 130°F and 600 Ib/in.^i


DO ,Er„ 1473 EDITION OF » NOV SS IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED


I


SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE fFIwi Date Entered)







PREFACE


An investigation was conducted to determine the desalination capability of spiral-wound,
thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (R()) elements operated on high-temperature (130°F)
saline water. The elements tested were manufactured l»v liOP. Inc., and were designated TFC
1501. These elements are currently being used in the standard military 600-gal/h reverse
osmosis water purification unit (ROWPU|. The investigation was conducted under Project
IF464717DL39. “(General Support Equipment." during March 1982.

The investigation was conducted by the following personnel of the Petroleum and En¬
vironmental Technology Division. Energy and Water Resources Laboratory: Haruhiro II.
Goto. Chemical Engineer; Peder B. Pederson. Engineering Technician: and Janet O. Hall.
Chemist.










CONTENTS


Section Title Page

PREFACE iii

ILLUSTRATIONS v

TABLES vi

METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS vii

J

I INTRODUCTION

1. Objective 1

2. Background 1

’' II INVESTIGATION

3. Equipment I

4. Procedure 6

| III RESULTS

■ 5. Test Data 10

IV DISCUSSION

6. General 10

7. Element Performance 10

V CONCLUSIONS

8. Conclusions 14

APPENDIX - TEST DATA 15


JV









ILLUSTRATIONS


Title

Standard Military 600-gal/h ROWPU
Equipment Layout
High-Pressure Pump
Temperature Control Arrangement
Beckman Conductivity Monitor
Concentration vs. Conductivity

Performance of Two TFC 1501 Elements in Series, Cumulative
Operation (h)







TABLES


Table Title Page

1 Chemical Analysis ?

2 Selected Reverse Osmosis Test

3 Performance Comparison

4 Element Performance 13





METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS
Approximate Conversions to Metric Measures
Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol


LENGTH



in.

inches

2.5

centimeters

cm

B

ft

feet

30

centimeters

cm

t. ■

yd

yards

0.9

meters

m


mi

miles

1.6

kilometers

km

• . AREA


in. 2 square inches 6.5 square centimeters cm 2

ft 2 square feet 0.09 square meters m 2

yd 2 square yards 0.8 square meters m 2

mi 2 square miles 2.6 square kilometers km 2

acres 0.4 hectares ha


[ MASS (weight)

! oz

ounces

28

grams

g

lb

pounds

0.45

kilograms

kg


short tons

0.9

metnc ton

t

1

(2000 lb)




_ VOLUME

1 tsp

teaspoons

5

milliliters

ml

tbsp

tablespoons

15

milliliters

ml

in. 3

cubic inches

16

milliliters

ml

fl oz

fluid ounces

30

milliliters

ml

: c

cups

0.24

liters

1

i pt

pints

0.47

liters

1

1 qt

quarts

0.95

liters

1

gal

gallons

3.8

liters

1

ft 3

cubic feet

0.03

cubic meters

m 3

yd 3

cubic yards

0.76

cubic meters

m 3

TEMPERATURE (exact)

°F

degrees

5.9 (after

degrees

°C

■

Fahrenheit

subtracting

Celsius



32)


VI)









Approximate Conversions
from Metric Measures


Symbol

When You Know

Multiply by

To Find

Symbol

LENGTH

mm

millimeters

0.04

inches

in.

cm

centimeters

0.4

inches

in.

m

meters

3.3

feet

tt

m

meters

1.1

yards

yd

km

kilometers

0.6

miles

mi

AREA

cm 2

square centimeters

0.16

square inches

in. 2

m 2

square meters

1.2

square yards

yd 2

km 2

square kilometers

0.4

square miles

mi 2

ha

hectares

2.5

acres



(10,000 m 2 )


MASS (weight)


g

kg

t

grams
kilograms
metric ton
(1000 kg)

0.035

2.2

1.1

ounces
pounds
short tons

oz

lb



VOLUME



ml

milliliters

0.03

fluid ounces

fl oz

ml

milliliters

0.06

cubic inches

in. 3

1

liters

2.1

pints

Pt

1

liters

1.06

quarts

qt

1

liters

0.26

gallons

gal

m 3

cubic meters

35

cubic feet

ft 3

m 3

cubic meters

1.3

cubic yards

yd 3


TEMPERATURE (exact)


9/5 (then degrees

add 32) Fahrenheit


C


degrees

Celsius


F







c

I

p


HIGH-TEMPERATURE DESALINATION CAPABILITY OF
TFC 1501 REVERSE OSMOSIS ELEMENT

I. INTRODUCTION

1. Objective. The objective of this investigation was to determine the performance
characteristics of reverse osmosis elements (TFC 1501) in an arid region where feedwater
temperatui could be substantially above the maximum design temperature. These elements
are currently being used in the standard military 600-gal/h reverse osmosis water purification
units.


2. Background. The investigation covered by this report was conducted as a part
of the developmental program for the Army reverse osmosis water purification units. The re¬
quired operational capability (ROC) for a Family of Water Supply Equipment was approved
by Department of the Army on 4 March 1974. The Family of Water Supply Equipment w as in¬
tended to produce potable water from fresh, brackish, and sea water sources and from water
which may be contaminated with nuclear, biological, ami chemical (NBC) agents. The family
consists of RO units having three different production capacities. The 600-gal/h ROWPU was
type-classified on 1 June 1979. The Petroleum and Environmental Technology Division was
tasked to develop two larger units; i.e., 3000-gal/h and 1500-gal/h. The TFC 1501 element con¬
tains a poly (ether/urea) thin-film semipermeabie membrane barrier capable of demineralizing
saline water. The production rate of TFC 1501 is highly sensitive to the feedw ater temperature.
Since the family of equipment must be capable of safe and reliable use in all areas of the
world in climatic categories 1,2,5 and 6, as prescribed in Army Regulation 70-38. the R<)
elements must be capable of handling feedwater having a wide range of temperatures. Figure 1
shows a front view of the 600-gal/h ROWPU and an operator holding a TFC 1501 element.

The study was performed at Building 325. Fort Belvoir. Virginia, during March 1982.

II. INVESTIGATION

3. Equipment. Overall arrangement of the test equipment is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 3 shows the high-pressure pump, located outside Building 325 to reduce the noise level.
Figure 4 gives the temperature control scheme of the lest system. The RO test system, assembled
in accordance with the American Society for Testing Materiels (ASTM) standard test method
(D3736-79), consisted of the following components;


1







V













booster pump; (B) pressure vessel; (C) turbine flowmeter; (D) conductivity monitor; (E) feedwater tank,
cartridge filter.





































Temperature control arrangement:










a. One 350-gal polyethylene tank.


h. One 10-hp ehiller to remove excess heat from feedwater.

e. One stainless steel heat exchanger.

d. Two immersion heaters.

e. One 6 FMO Filterite cartridge filter with 5-fim filler tubes.

f. One 2020 Oat triplex positive displacement high-pressure pump. The pump capacity
is 20 gal/min at 800 Ib/in. 2 .

g. A 66-FRP-Z 6-in. Seawater FRR pressure tube assembly provides a housing for
.wo TFC 1501 6-in.-diameter RO elements.

h. One 7076 Leeds and Northrup multi-range eonduetivitv monitor to monitor the.
conductivity of permeate continuously.

i. One rotomcter ami one turbine flowmeter to monitor the |>roduet flow rate.

j. Two direct-reading differential pressure flowmeters to monitor the feed and
brine flow rates.

k. Two liquid-filled Marsh pressure gauges to monitor the inlet and outlet pressures
of the pressure vessel.

l. Two AMTKK pressure transducers with a digital readout monitor to monitor the
suction and outlet pressures of the high-pressure pump.

in. Two \ SI Tele-Thermometers to monitor the tenqieratiire of feedwater and
cooling water.

n. Hose assemblies including necessary fittings and valves to complete the test system.

4. Procedure. The test water was prepared by the addition of evaporated sea salt
|W percent Nat.lt to Potomac River water which had been clarified by passage through a
pressure diatomaccoiis earth filter. The total dissolved solids (TI)S) of the clarified Potomac
Riy er water was brought to approximately 160 mg/1. Analysis of Potomac River water is given
in Table I. Distilled water was added during the study to maintain the water level. The quality
of feedwater was maintained by returning the brine and permeate to the feedwater tank, and
the TDS for the feedwater was maintained at approximately 26.000 mg/I.









Table 1. Chemical Analysis (14 May 1982)


Characteristic

Potomac

River

Feed

Permeate

Brine

PH

7.8

7.6

5.6

7.8

Turbidity (NTU)

3.3

0.3

0.06

0.23

TDS (mg/1)

160

26,186

2,069

31.735

Chlorides (mg/1)

20

15,500

1.230

17.500

Cu (mg/1)

<0.01

0.20

<0.01

0.26

Fe (mg/1)

<0.01

0.10

0.05

0.12


* The RO elements (serial numbers 78690 ami 78761) produced by UOP. Inc.,
were operated initially at 700 lb/in. J g applied pressure and room temperature. As the feed-
water temperature was increased to 130°F. the pressure w as lowered to 600 lb/in. 2 g so that the
designed production rate of 1.5 gal/min/element would not be exceeded.

The temperature of the feedwater was controlled by a 10-hp Koolant chiller
model AF10000. The unit is capable of removing 110.000 Btu of thermal energy in an hour.
The cooling water was circulated through the shell side of the stainless steel heat exchanger,
while the brine from the pressure vessel was fed into the tube side. Two 3000-W RTC quartz
heaters were installed on the feedwater holding tank to raise the feedwater temperature at the
beginning of the test.

On the average, the elements were operated for 10 to 12 h/d. For the remainder
of the time, the high-temperature feedwater was circulated through the test system by the
booster pump. The continuous recirculation was required to maintain the feedwater
temperature. As a result, the elements were exposed to the high-temperature feedwater for over
400 h.

The following data were collected houily during a 200-h high-temperature/high-
pressure test period: Applied pressure, product flow rate, brine flow rate, conductivity of feed-
water. and conductivity of permeate. The eondurtivitv measurements were made by a
Beckman Conductivity Bridge. Model RC 16B (Figure 5). The conductivity readings were
calibrated at two temperatures (77° F ami 130°F). The calibration curves are presented in
Figure 6, and the curves are found to lie linear up to TDS of 20.000 mg/1.





















III. RESULTS


5. Test Data. The results of this investigation are summarized in Tables 1 and 2.
The 200-h high-temperature/high-pressure test data are given in the Appendix.

IV. DISCUSSION

6. General. The two TEC 1501 RO elements were operated for 200 h. As indicated
in Figure 7. the elements were operated at an applied pressure of 700 lh/in. 2 for 7 h initially.
As the production rate increased with the increase in feed temperature, the operating pressure
was lowered to 600 lh/in. 2 so that the design production rate was maintained. Following the 8
h and 20 min of operation, the feedwater temperature exceeded the maximum design
temperature of 113°F. The elements continued to produce at the design production rate (4400
gal/d for two TFC 1501 elements) at elevated temperature (130°F) and a reduced pressure (600
lb/in. 2 ). The recovery rate for the two elements was 14.5 percent of the feedwater rate.

7. Element Performance. As shown in Figure 7. the feedwater temperature rose steadily,
surpassing the maximum recommended temperature at the 9-h mark, until it was raised to
129° F. Except for minor variations due to the system limitations, the feedwater temperature
was maintained at 1.30° F for the remainder of the test. Table .3 shows the performance com¬
parison of TFC 1501 elements prior to exceeding the designed feedwater temperature and
following the completion of the 200-h high-temperature/high-pressure operation.

As observed in Table 2 and Figure 7. the salt rejection was much higher at higher
pressure and lower tenqrerature. This is probably due to the increase in the feedwater
temperature, which then increased the >alt diffusivity of the TFC membrane. Since the water
permeation through the membrane is directly proportional to the pressure difference between
the applied pressure and the osmotic pressure of the feedwater, the production rate decreased
as the feed pressure was reduced at the 7-h mark. Although the element (serial number 78690)
had been slightly telescoped during the high-temperature testing, the subsequent examination
of the element at room temjierature showed no drop in the desalination capability.

Table 4 shows the results of element performance evaluation conducted following the
high-temperature testing. The percent rejections shown in Table 4 are a percent higher than the
values given in the Appendix. In the Appendix, percent rejections were calculated using the
conductivity readings directly. Although this method is given in the ASTM standard test pro¬
cedure. more accurate values can be found by avoiding the non-linear region in the conductivi¬
ty vs. concentration correlation curve.


10








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Figure 7. Performance of two TFC 1501 elements in series, cumulative operation (h).















V. CONCLUSIONS


«


i


I


8. Conclusions. It is concluded that:

a. The desalination capability of TFC 1501 elements operated at normal temperatures
(80° F to 83° F) does not decrease following 200 h of high-temperature/high-pressure operation
and 400 h of exposure to high-temperature brine {130° F).

b. The high-temperature operation (130°F) affects the production rate of the
TFC 1501 elements more than the desalination capability. However, with a drop in production
rate of less than 5 percent, this drop can be comj>ensaled for by operation at a higher pressure
up to 1000 lb/in. 2 .

c. Although some telescoping of the elements can be expected during the high-
temperature operations, the performance eharaeteristies of the elements will not be degraded.

d. The percent rejection of the TFC 1501 elements is 3 to 5 percent lower when
operated on a high-temperature feed (130°F).


14







APPENDIX


TEST DATA


15








Knt‘rx‘ Osmosis Tn Data


Date

limed)

(simulative
Operation
<li)

Kee< 1
Temp
l°K|

Feed

Pressure

(lli/iii. 2 )

Urine
Flow Kate
(“al/minl

Produet

Flow Rate
(eal/min) |fjal/d)

Feed

(sinduetivity

(/imho)

Pruduet

Conductivity

l/iinhol

Rejection

(tfl

3-17

1.0

80

700

17.8

2.8

4.032

41.000

1.200

97.1

:i-I7

2.0

82

700

17.8

2.8

4.032

41.000

1,200

97.1

:M7

3.0

84

700

17.8

2.8

4.032

41.000

1.200

97.1

3-17

4.0

84

697

17.8

2.8

4.032

41.000

1.190

97.1

3-17

5.0

84

705

17.7

2.9

4.176

41.000

1.140

97.2

3-17

5.8

90

706

17.6

2.9

4.176

41.000*

1.180*

97.1

3-17

6.0

92

702

17.5

3.0

4.320

41.000*

1.300*

96.8

3-17

7.0

100

693

17.3

3.4

4.896

41.000*

1.600*

96.1

3-17

8.0

110

586

17.8

2.9

4.176

41.000*

2.150*

94.8

3-17

9.3

119

580

17.7

3.1

4.464

41.000*

2.400*

94.1

3-17

10.0

123

575

17.6

3.1

4.464

41.000*

2.350*

94.3

3-17

11.0

129

568

17.6

3.0

4.320

11.000*

2.400*

94.1

3-18

II .0

124

703

16.7

4.1

5.904

48.000*

1.820*

96.2

3-18

12.0

124

700

16.7

4.1

5.904

48.000*

1.850*

96.1

3-18

13.0

124

695

16.7

4.0

5.760

18.000*

1.870*

96.1

3-18

13.5

124

603

17.6

3.2

4.608

48.000*

2.250*

95.3

3-18

15.0

128

598

17.5

3.2

4.608

66.000

3.100

95.3

3-18

16.0

128

598

17.5

3.2

4.608

62.000

2.600

95.8

3-18

17.0

129

602

17.6

3.2

4.608

64.000

2.600

95.9

3-18

18.0

129

604

17.7

3.2

4.608

58.000

3.000

94.8

3-18

19.0

129

605

17.7

3.2

4.608

56.000

3.200

94.3

3-18

20.0

129

604

17.8

3.2

4.608

60.000

3.000

95.0

3-18

21.0

129

605

17.6

3.2

4.608

60.000

3.000

95.0

3-18

22.1

130

60.3

17.6

3.1

4.164

60.000

2.750

95.4

3-18

23.0

130

595

17.6

3.0

4.320

54.000

2.700

95.0

3-1')

23.0

124

596

17.7

2.9

4.176

60.000

3.000

95.0

3-1')

21.0

126

593

17.6

3.0

4.320

58.000

3.100

94.7

3-l<)

25.0

129

594

17.7

3.2

1.608

60.000

3.100

94.8

3-1')

26.0

1.30

597

17.6

3.2

4.608

60.000

3.100

94.8

3-IV

27.0

130

604

17.6

3.2

4.608

59.000

3.000

94.9

3-1')

28.0

129

606

17.6

3.2

1.608

53.000

2.870

91.6

3-1')

29.0

130

606

17.6

3.2

1.608

54.000

2.800

91.8

3-1')

30.0

130

605

17.7

3.2

1.608

54.000

2.850

94.7










Reverse Osmosis Test Data ((.ontd)


Dale

(lllll-ll)

(aiiiiulalive
()|ierati<m
III)

Feed

Temp

l°F>

Feed

Pressure

|ll»/in. 2 )

Brine
Flow Kale
(eal/niin)

Prndliet

Flow Kale
|»al/iniii) l"al/d)

Feed

(inndnetiv it\
l/nnlin)

Prnduel

(lnudiielivit\

(/imho)

Rejeetion

< r 4>

3-10

3l.o

130

606

17.6

3.2

1.608

51.000

3.000

01.1

3-10

.'{2.0

1.30

607

17.7

3.2

1.608

5.3.000

3.100

01.2

3-10

33.0

130

601

17.7

3.1

1.16 1

61.000

2.000

05.2

3-10

:u.o

130

608

17.7

3.1 '

1.161

61.000

3.200

01.8

3-10

35.0

1.30

506

17.6

3.1

1.161

55.000

2.800

01.0

.5-211

35.0

125

50.3

17.8

2.0

1.176

60.000

3.1O0

01.3

.{-20

.'{6.0

126

606

17.8

3.1

1.161

56.000

3.000

04.6

.{-20

.'{7.0

128

602

17.8

3.1

1.161

56.000

3.200

01.3

.{-20

.'{8.0

120

602

17.7

3.2

1.608

58.000

2.800

05.2

:{-20

30.0

130

602

17.7

3.1

1.161

61.000

3.300

01,6

.{-20

10.0

120

600

17.6

3.1

1.161

56.000

3.300

04.1

.{-20

11.0

120

603

17.6

3.1

1.164

56.000

3.250

01.2

.'{-20

12.0

130

603

17.6

3.1

4.164

62.000

2.850

05.1

.'{-20

13.0

120

505

17.6

3.0

4.320

64.000

3.100

05.2

.'{-20

11.0

130

603

17.6

3.1

4.464

63.000

2.000

05.1

.'{-20

15.3

120

601

17.6

3.1

4.161

63.000

2.000

05.4

.'{-20

16.0

120

601

17.6

3.1

4.464

56.000

2.880

01.0

:{-20

17.0

120

600

17.6

3.0

1.320

56.000

2.870

04.0

.'{-21

17.0

121

508

17.7

2.0

4.176

55.000

3.400

03.8

.{-21

18.0

126

501

17.8

2.0

1.176

62.000

3.000

05.2

:{-2i

10.0

127

600

17.7

3.0

1.320

63.000

3.150

01.5

.'{-21

50.0

120

600

17.6

3.0

4.320

65.000

3.500

01.6

.'{-21

51.0

130

601

17.6

3.0

4.320

61.000

3.600

01.1

.'{-21

52.0

130

501

17.7

3.0

4.320

65.000

3.300

04.0

.'{-21

53.0

130

600

17.7

.3.0

4.320

66.000

3.500

04.7

.'{-21

51.0

120

600

17.8

3.0

1.320

61.000

3.000

05.1

.'{-21

55.0

130

601

17.8

3.0

4.320

63.000

3.100

01.6

.'{-21

56.0

131

600

17.7

3.0

1.320

61.000

3.200

05.0

.'{-21

57.0

130

507

17.7

2.0

1.176

67.000

3.600

01.6

.'{-22

57.0

120

508

17.8

2.8

1.032

62.000

3.100

04.5

.'{-22

58.0

120

507

17.8

2.0

1.176

50.000

3.000

01.0

.'{-22

50.0

120

601

17.8

3.0

1.320

54.000

2.800

01.8


17








1


Reverse Osmosis Test Data (Cont’d)


(

|


i


%


i


Date

(lined)

Cumulative
(Iperatinn

(h)

Feed

Temp

(°F>

Feed

Pressure

(lli/in. 2 )

Brine
Flow Rate
(»al/min)

Produet

Flow Rate
(ual/min) (gal/d)

Feed

Conductivity

(/imho)

Produet

Conduetivity

(/imho)

Rejection

<%)

3-22

60.0

122

615

17.7

3.2

4.608

56.000

3.000

94.6

3-22

61.0

124

605

17.7

.3.0

4.320

58.000

2.800

95.2

3-22

62.0

125

600

17.7

3.0

4.320

60.000

3.000

95.0

3-22

63.0

127

595

17.6

3.0

4.320

59.<KK)

.3.300

94.4

3-22

64.0

128

599

17.6

3.1

4.464

58.000

3.600

93.8

3-22

65.0

130

593

17.5

3.1

4.464

67.(HH)

3.550

94.7

3-22

66.0

130

594

17.5

3.1

4.464

64.000

4.000

93.8

3-22

67.0

130

599

17.6

3.1

4.464

66.000

4.100

93.8

3-22

68.0

130

602

17.5

3.0

4.320

65.000

3.650

94.4

3-22

69.0

130

606

17.6

3.0

4.320

63.000

3.7(H)

94.1

3-23

69.0

123

608

17.8

2.9

4.176

58,000

3.800

93.4

3-23

70.0

124

603

17.8

3.0

4.320

56.000

3.600

93.6

3-23

71.0

127

602

17.7

3.0

4.320

58.000

3.0(H)

94.8

3-23

72.4

128

599

17.7

3.0

4.320

60.000

3.5(H)

94.2

3-23

73.0

130

600

17.7

3.1

4.464

60.000

3.0(H)

95.0

3-23

74.0

127

601

17.8

3.0

4.320

56.000

3.2(H)

94.3

3-23

75.0

129

600

17.8

3.0

4.320

58.000

3.6(H)

93.8

3-23

76.0

130

599

17.8

3.0

4.320

60.000

3.2(H)

94.7

3-23

77.0

1.30

598

17.8

.3.0

4.320

60.000

3.400

94.3

3-23

78.0

131

600

17.7

3.0

4.320

60.000

3.500

94.2

3-23

79.0

130

607

17.7

3.0

4.320

59.000

3.300

94.4

3-23

80.0

129

595

17.8

2.9

4.176

58.000

3.300

94.3

3-23

81.0

130

593

17.8

2.9

4.176

66.000

3.7(H)

94 f

3-23

82.0

130

599

17.8

2.9

4.176

57.000

3.750

94. i

3-21

82.0

115

599

18.3

2.4

3.456

54.000

3.000

94.4

3-24

83.0

116

618

18.1

2.6

3.744

52.000

2.5(H)

93.4

3-21

84.0

117

612

18.0

2.6

3.744

56.000

3.IHH)

94.4

3-24

85.5

119

609

17.2

2.7

3.888

58.000

3.5(H)

95.2

3-24

86.5

123

609

17.2

2.8

4.032

63.000

3.4(H)

94.6

3-24

87.5

126

607

17.7

2.9

4.176

60.000

3.4(H)

94.0

3-24

88.5

129

612

17.4

2.9

4.176

62.000

3.4(H)

94.6

3-24

89.5

130

609

17.4

2.9

4.176

60.000

3.6(H)

94.3

3-21

90.5

131

607

17.4

2.9

4.176

60.000

4.0(H)

93.3


i


i

18


t











Reverse Osmosis Test Data (Cont'd)

(liiiimlali v«*

Feed

Feed

Brine

l*ri >dnel

Feed

I'roduel

(Iperatinn

Temp

I’ressiire

Flow Kale

Flow Kate

('.ondiielix it \

( omliietiv it\

III)

(°Kl

(lli/in.'l

("al/miio

|»al/inin) (eal/d)

|/iiidio)

(/tmlmi


60.000

58.000

66.000

62.000

.'> 1.000


> 0.000
5 1.000
51.000
56.000
60.000
6H.0OO
60.000
66.000
61.000
62.000
58.000
62.000
62.000
56.1 MM>
.'>6.(MMI
57.000
58.000
. > 8.000
60.000
62.000
62.000
60.000
62.000
65.000
65.000
65.000
68.000



































Keverse Osmosis Test Data (donf'd)



(liimulative

Foil Feed

Brine

Product

Feed

Product

1 )alt‘

< >|»Talioii

Temp Pressure

Flow Kate

Flow Kate

(loiidiielix it\

(londueliv it\ Kejeetioli

|i»o-d|

llil

(°F> |ll>/in.*)

(eai/iui»)

<<ial/niin) (eai/d)

f/unho)

l/4iulio| [ r /i 1


.> 8.000

•> 8.000

(>">.000

(>4.000

(>(>.000

(> 6.000

(> 8.000

6.4.000

63.000

60.000

61.000

58.000

58.000

58.000

61.000

64.000

60.000

64.000

55.000
56.000
60.000
60.000


60.000

60.000

60.000

61.000

61.000













































i


Reverse Osmosis Test Data ((Mint'd)


Date

Inio-d)

(simulative
(Iteration

do

Feed
Temp
1° F)

Feed

Pressure

(Ib/iii.*)

Brine

Flow Rale
(•ral/min)

Produet

Flow Rate
(uaPmin) (gal/d)

F’eed

(Conductivity

l/dtiho)

Produet

(Conductivitv

(/unlin)

Rejection

P7r|
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