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apricot Portable (Fp)
Technical Reference
Copyright
Portions of this manual contain material reprinted by
permission of:
SONY Corporation, Copyright 1983
Trademarks
MS-DOS and Microsoft are registered trademarks of the
Microsoft Corporation.
CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research.
IBM is a registered trademark of International Business
Machines.
It is possible that this manual mav contain references to or describe ACT products which are
not available in your country. Sucn references or information should not be taken as an
understanding that these products will become available.
Information contained in this document is subject to change without notice and does not
represent a commitment on the part of ACT.
All rights reserved, no use or disclosure without written consent.
Copyright ° Applied Computer Techniques PLC 1984
Published in the U.K. by Published in the USA by
ACT (UK) Ltd Apricot Inc.
Shenstone House 4/173 Benicia Street
Dudley Road Freemont
Halesowen California 94538
West Midlands B63 3NT
Preface
The Technical Reference Manual for the ACT Apricot
Portable microcomputer is intended for programmers and
engineers involved in hardware and software design for the
Portable.
The Manual is divided into three sections and a number of
appendices as detailed below.
1. Overview
This section provides an overall description of the Portable
and is sub-divided into three chapters:
System Overview
This chapter presents an overall picture of the Portable
concentrating on mainly the hardware, but also including
information on some of the software aspects which are
integral to the machines' operation.
Software
This chapter provides a brief description of the operating
system and it's interface to the associated BIOS. An
introduction to the software modules of the BIOS is also
provided.
Options
This chapter forms the introduction to all the other ACT
hardware options available for extending the capabilities of
any machine within the range.
2. Hardware Detail
This section contains detailed descriptions of all the
hardware aspects of the microcomputer and is divided into a
number of chapters, as detailed in the following Contents
section.
The Systems Unit and the Keyboard of the Portable are
discussed in detail with major programmable elements (e.g.
serial port, display circuitry, etc.) also having separate
descriptions.
Preface 1
3. Software Detail
This section contains a detailed description of all software
aspects of the BIOS and is also divided into a number of
chapters. The first provides a detailed description of the
BIOS as a whole. Subsequent chapters detail the features
and facilities of the individual hardware device drivers.
Appendices
A number of appendices are included in this manual which
provide general hardware reference information and also
associated software information of specific use to
systems/application programmers.
Addenda
This section details installable device drivers supplied as
system software and will also be expanded to reflect updates
and changes as the product continues to be developed.
Associated Publications
MICROSOFT MS-DOS Programmer's Reference Guide
This is an absolute necessity for anybody who wants to
develop software for the Apricot. It provides details of:
1. MS-DOS 2.00 system calls and interrupts.
2. How to produce and install new device drivers.
3. MS-DOS memory maps, disk layout, DOS initialisation
and many more technical details.
The UK source of this product is:
Order Processing Dept
Microsoft Ltd, Piper House
Hatch Lane, Windsor, BERKS.
DIGITAL RESEARCH GSX-86 Graphics Extension
Programmer’s Guide
This is a necessity for any programmer who wishes to
produce graphics based packages interfacing to Apricot's
implementation of the Digital Research GSX module. This
product can be obtained through your local
dealer/distributor.
2 Preface
The 8086 Family User's Manual
This provides descriptive material on the Intel 8086
processor and includes all the necessary details on the
instruction sets for asssembly language programmers. The
manual can be obtained from an Intel distributor.
Preface 3
Contents
1. Overview
1.1 System Overview
2 Introduction
4 Details
4 Packaging and styling
9 Portability
10 Processing Capability
72 Memory
14 Disk Drives
15 Display Features
19 Voice Input System
24 Keyboard
28 Printer Support
29 Communications
31 Expansion
32 Specification
1.2 Software Overview
2 Introduction
4 Details
4 Applications Interface
8 Operating Systems Interface
9 MS-DOS
10 ROM BIOS
Contents 1
1.3 Options
2 Introduction
3 Factory Fitted Options
4 Dealer Supplied Options
5 Colour monitor
5 RAM Expansion Boards
6 Modem Board
7 LAN Board
8 Mouse
9 Apricot MSD
2 Contents
2. Hardware Detail
2.1 Systems Unit
2 Introduction
3 Details
3 Mechanics
5 Connectors
5 CPU and Display Board
7 Interface Board
7 Infra-red Detector Board
9 Disk Drive Unit
9 Expansion
10 Power Supply
7 7 Dimensions
2.2 System Details
2 Introduction
3 Details
3 General
6 Processor
7 DMA Controller
7 Memory
7 7 Interrupt Control
72 Display Control
75 Floppy Disk Control
16 Expansion
77 Keyboard/Mouse data
18 System Reset
19 RS232 Communications
19 Parallel Printer Port
20 Speech Interface
20 System Timer
27 Sound Generation
22 I/O Port Map
Contents 3
2.3 Interrupt Controller
2 Introduction
3 Details
3 General
4 Interrupt Sequence
5 Interrupt Masking
6 Programming Considerations
6 General
6 Initialization Command Words
9 Operational Command Words
2.4 Display Control
2 Introduction
3 Details
3 Portable Variations
4 Display Modes and Features
7 Display Architecture
7 Driving the LCD
12 Driving the Colour Display
24 CRTC Detail
24 General
26 Register Description
29 Initialising the CRTC
2.5 Expansion Slot
2 Introduction
3 Details
3 Design Philosophy
4 Expansion Slot Detail
7 Electrical Specification
8 Pin Detail
11 Address Allocation
13 Using Interrupts
15 Expansion Board Layout Detail
4 Contents
2.6 Floppy Disk Interface
2 Introduction
3 Details
3 General
5 Disk Write
6 Disk Read
6 Disk Formatting
7 Read/write Head Positioning
9 FDC Detail
9 General
10 Processor Interface
10 DMA Requests
11 Interrupt Requests
13 Disk Drive Control
14 Command Register
15 Status Register
15 Track Register
15 Sector Register
15 Data Register
16 Programming Considerations
16 Disk Drive Selection
1 7 Disk Change/Disk Change Reset
17 Head Loading
18 Head Load Indicator
18 Head Positioning
22 Data Transfers
27 Formatting Commands
33 Force Interrupt Command
35 Interface Connections Detail
35 System Connections
37 Disk Drive Connections
39 Track Format
Contents 5
2.7 Serial Interface
2 Introduction
3 Details
3 General
4 SIO Overview
6 SIO Architecture
10 Processor Interface
11 Write Register Definition
12 Write Register Summary
13 Write Register 0
16 Write Register 1
18 Write Register 2
19 Write Register 3
2 1 Write Register 4
22 Write Register 5
24 Write Register 6
24 Write Register 7
25 Read Register Definition
25 Read Register 0
27 Read Register 1
29 Read Register 2
30 SIO Interrupt Sequence
33 Keyboard/Mouse Data
33 General
34 Channel B Programming Details
35 Initialisation
38 RS232C Communications
38 General
39 RS232C Connector Detail
41 Channel A Programming Details
45 SIO Pin Detail
45 System Connections
46 Channel A Connections
48 Channel B Connections
6 Contents
2.8 Parallel Printer Interface
2 Introduction
3 Details
3 General
4 Data Interface
4 Control and Status
6 Register Summary
7 Centronics Interface Detail
2.9 Tinier
2 Introduction
3 Details
3 General
6 Counter Initialisation
6 Loading the Counters
6 Reading the Counters
7 Programming Counter 0
8 Programming Counter 1 and 2
2.10 Sound Generator
2 Introduction
4 Details
4 General
6 Tone Generation
8 Noise Generation
2.11 Speech Interface
2 Introduction
3 Details
4 Circuitry
4 6301/8086 Communications
6 Address Allocation
Contents 7
2.12 Disk Drive
2 Introduction
4 Details
4 General
4 Interface Details
6 Interface Connections (Outputs)
7 Interface Connections (Inputs)
9 Disk Drive Mechanism
9 Read/Write Heads
9 Head Positioning Mechanism
9 Head Load Mechanism
10 Sensors and Detectors
10 Drive Switch Settings
12 Drive Specification
13 Disks
13 General
13 Disk Precautions
14 Disk Insertion/Removal
14 Write Protecting
15 Disk Format
2.13 Keyboard
2 Introduction
3 Details
3 Mechanics
4 Circuitry
4 Keyboard Scanning
5 Data Transmission Format
6 Keycode Data Encoding
11 Special Keys
8 Contents
Section 3: Software Detail
3.1
Guide to the BIOS
2
Introduction
3
Bootstrap
5
Initialised drivers
7
Initialised BIOS
8
Built-in functions
9
Memory Map
11
Software interrupts
16
Hardware interrupts
17
Pointers
21
ASCII and Bit Screen Images
21
RAM BIOS for MS-DOS
22
Disk Label Sector and Configuration Table
3.2
Control device
2
Overview
3
General application
3
Introduction
4
Low level Control device access
5
High level Control device access
7
Errors
8
Specific application
9
Device Numbers
10
Screen
12
Keyboard
14
Serial I/O
18
Parallel I/O
20
Mouse
21
Clock
22
Sound
24
Floppy disk
26
Winchester
Contents 9
3.3 Screen driver
2 Overview
4 Application interest
4 Screen images
4 Using ESCape sequences
6 Screen environment
8 Apricot compatible mode
10 Colour
13 ANSI ESCape sequences
15 Windows and Cursor addressing
7 7 Fonts
18 Ascii control codes
19 ESCape Sequence Table
34 Systems interest
34 Screen Bit Image
35 Character attributes
36 Scrolling
37 Configuration table
3.4 Keyboard driver
2 Overview
6 Application interest
6 Changing the keyboard table
8 Implementing STRING keys
10 Changing the keyboard driver operation
72 Special Keys
13 Default STRINGS
14 Prefixes
14 User Interrupt (F9 hex)
15 Systems interest
75 Initialise
16 Steering
7 7 Down-code handler
19 Queues
20 Configurator
27 Apricot compatibility
22 Configuration table
7 0 Contents
3.5 Serial I/O Driver
2
3
3
6
6
8
8
Overview
Applications interest
Configuring the Serial Driver
Generic differences
User Interrupts
Systems interest
Configuration table
3.6 Parallel I/O Driver
7 Overview
7 Applications interest
7 Systems interest
3.7 Clock driver
7
7
7
3.8
Overview
Applications interest
Systems interest
Sound Driver
7 Overview
7 Applications interest
7 Systems interest
3.9 Disk Driver
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9
Overview
Applications interest
Non-MSDOS systems
Drive types
Label Sector
MS-DOS format
Disk Formats
Disk Swapping
Systems interest
Configuration data
Contents 11
3.10 GSX — GIOS Details
2 Overview
3 Applications interest
3 Display featuress
5 Input devices
5 Calling GSX
6 Additions to GSX 1.3
18 Systems interest
18 System files
12 Contents
Appendices
A - Diagnostic Error Codes
B - Default Keyboard Table
C - Ascii codes
D - Circuit Diagrams
E - ESCape sequence reference table
2 Specials
3 Character attributes
4 Screen attributes
5 Colour
6 Cursor positioning
7 WP primitives
JO Driver environment
13 Keyboard interaction
15 Generic obsoletes
F- Language interfaces
2 Overview
3 Interpretive Basic
5 The Data Segment Register
6 Non-BIOS routine calls
7 Compiled Basic
7 The Data Segment Register
8 Non-BIOS routine calls
9 'C' Programming Language
9 The Data Segment Register
JO Non-BIOS routine calls
Index
Contents 13
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